ag test 2
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41 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 What two reasons do the authors give for why public opinion and government policy conflict with each other? | How Polling Works and How Opinions Differ |
| What role does the family play in the development of political attitudes? Why? | Teens believe what their parents believe in. |
| What role does religion play in the development of political attitudes? Why? | Family form and transmits political beliefs by religious tradition. |
| What role does gender play in the development of political attitudes? | Women care more issue than others. |
| What are the six forms of participation that the authors want to talk about? | Inactive- they rarely vote and do not get involve Activists-People who tend to participate in all forms of politics Voting Specialists-they vote and do little trend Campaigners-not only vote but also like to get involve Communalist-much like campaigners in social background but have a very different temperament. Parochial Participant- who do not vote and stay out of election campaigns and civic association |
| What different factors help explain (or cause) a country's participation rate? | Complete activist, it is higher among people who have gone to college, higher employed |
| What are the three political arenas within which parties may be found? | Labels, set of leader, and orgzation |
| How do American political parties compare to European ones within these 3 arenas? | The campaign are run by the party, using party funds and worker, not by the candidate. Once in office, the elected official are expected to vote and act together with other members of the party. |
| Be able to briefly outline the history of parties in the four major periods (Founding, Jacksonians, Civil War & sectionalism, and the Era of Reform). | Jacksonians second party system emerged around 1824Civil War & sectionalism party system created in the Jacksonians period was first truly national system. Era of Reform progressives began to espouse measures to curtail or even abolish political parties |
| What is the basic structure that America's two major parties have? | Republic and Democratic |
| What are the four kinds of minor parties? | Ideological , One issue, Economic-protest, and Factional |
| How do presidential and congressional campaigns differ from each other? | Media consultants -who created advertisements and buy airtime from stations networks. Direct mail firms- that design and produce mailing to promote the candidates or solict money Polling firms-to survey voters on their attuides toward issues and candidates and run focus groups Political technology firms-to supply services such as web site, design, online advertising, online fund-raising, and voter-targeting |
| What are some of the issues surrounding the drawing of congressional districts? | gerrymandering: the drawing of legislative district boundaries to benefit a party, group, or incumbent malapportionment: drawing the boundaries of legislative districts so that they are unequal in population |
| How do members of congress change their behavior in order to increase their chances of staying in office? | Every member of Congress organizes his or her office to do as much possible for the people back home. |
| How does the national press play the roles of gatekeeper, scorekeeper and watchdog? | Gatekeeper-served what story is Scorekeeper-media keep track Watchdog- uncover dirt |
| Does media coverage influence what viewers/readers believe? | Maybe they cover what the viewers or reader wants about famous people. |
| What levels of coverage do the President and Congress get? How does this affect their power? | President is cover a lot. Congress does not get cover. Government officials play games to the media. |
| Why are public opinion polls not always accurate pictures of public opinion? | public opinion: How people think or feel about particular things |
| How do the authors define political ideology? | political ideology: A more or less consistent set of beliefs about what policies government ought to pursue |
| How is a nation's voting age population determined? How is it different from voting eligible population, or even registered voters? | voting age population: Citizens who are eligible to vote after reaching the minimum age requirement registered voters: People who are registered to vote |
| What is an "Australian ballot"? How does it represent a reform of the voting system previously used? | australian ballot: A government printed ballot of uniform size and shape to be cast in secret that was adopted by many states around 1890 in order to reduce the voting fraud associated with party printed ballots cast in public. |
| How do the authors define the term political party? | political party: a group that seeks to elect candidates to public office |
| What is split ticket voting? How has it led to the decline of parties in America? | split ticket: voting for candidates of different parties for various offices in the same election |
| What is the purpose of a party's national convention? How are delegates to these conventions selected? | national convention: the meeting of party delegates every four years to choose a presidential ticket and write the party's platform. |
| What is a political machine? What role did they play in American politics? Why aren't they as important today? | political machine: a party organization that recruits members by dispensing patronage |
| What are sponsored parties? | sponsored party: a local or state political party that is largely supported by another organization in the community |
| Why does America have a two party (versus multi-party) system? | Win all take and plurtity |
| What is the coattails effect? How powerful is it in current politics? | coattails: the alleged tendency of candidates to win more votes in an election because of the presence at the top of the ticket of a better-known candidate, such as the president |
| What is the sophomore surge? | sophomore surge: an increase in the votes congressional candidates usually get when they first run for reelection |
| What are 527 organizations? What role do they play in campaigns? | 527 organizations: Organizations that, under section 527 of the Internal Revenue Code, raise and spend money to advance political causes |
| . What reasons do the authors give for why interest groups have proliferated in the United States? | The birth of Interest Groups |
| What four factors help explain the formation of interest groups? | The first consists of board economic developments that create new interests and redefine old ones. Second, government policy itself helped create interest group. Third, political organization does not emerge automatically. Fourth one is the more activities government undertakes, the more organized groups that will be interested in those activities. |
| What is an institutional interest group? | They are interests are individuals or organizations represents other organizations. |
| What is a membership interest group? | It often is said that Americans are a nation of joiner, and so we take for granted the many organizations around us supported by the activities and contributions of individual citizen |
| What different kinds of incentives do membership groups offer in order to convince individuals to join their group? | Every interest group faces to free rider problem. |
| Where do interest groups get their money from? | Foundation Grants, Federal Grant, Contracts, and Direct Mail |
| What is the "revolving door" and how might it increase interest groups' influence? | Every year, 100 of people leave important jobs in the federal government to take more lucrative positions in private industry. |
| How has the federal government tried to regulate interest groups/lobbyists? How effective have these regulations been | Interest group activity is a form of political speech protected by the First Amendment to the Constitution. |
| What role(s) have the following media played in American political history: the party press, the popular press, opinion magazines, electronic journalism, and the internet. | The party press- politician of various factions and parties created, sponsored, and control newspaper. Popular press-Changes in society and technology made possible the rise of a self-supporting, mass readership daily newspaper. Magazines if Opinion- the growing middle class often was respelled yellow journalism Electronic Journalism- radio came on the national scene in the 1920s TV came 1940s Internet-find summaries of the newspaper and magazines of public things |
| How confidential are reporters' confidential sources? | Reporters believe they should have the right to keep confidential the sources of their stories. |
| How are the broadcast media regulated by the government? | No one may operate a radio or television station without a license from the Federal Communication Commission. |
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