SUGARS/SWEETENERS
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Created by:
abbyrose91 on February 27, 2011
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24 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Relative sweetness | based on the sweetness of sucrose(sugar) RS=1 |
| Types of sweeteners | sugar, sugar alcohol, alternative sweeteners |
| Sugars | includes natural and made |
| Types of Sugars | Sucrose--benchmark for sweeteners Lactose--RS=.2 maltose, glucose Fructose--RS=1.8 ; hygroscopic(attracts water) HFCS used in soft drinks same caloric content (4kcal/gm) no health benefit over another consumption ranges: 14-48 lbs/year |
| HFCS | treat cornstarch w/ acid and enzymes converts some glucose to fructose same RS as sucrose Cheaper! Ex:sugar, maple syrup, honey |
| Sugar Alcohols | still contribute calories as do sugars 2.6cal/gm more slowly absorbed and metabolized (can cause diarrhea) doesn't cause tooth decay sorbitol(RS=.6) most common in US [candies, gum] Xylitol(RS=.9) used in gum -may be beneficial to young children=prevent ear infections |
| Saccharin | Sugar Alternative; first produced in 1879; 300x sweeter than sucrose excessive intake linked to BLADDER CANCER in animals considered a weak carcinogen FDA tried to ban in 1977-FAILED SWEET'N'LOW (Pink) |
| Cyclamates | RS=30 banned in US 1969-available in Canada associated with bladder tumors |
| Aspartame | composed of 2 AA RS=200 4cal/g ADI-50mg/kg body weight |
| neotame | approved for US in 2002 similar structure to aspartame but not an issue with PKU not broken down in the body 7000-13000x sweeter than sucrose heat stable safe for use |
| acesulfame-K (sunette) | 2nd newest sugar substitute RS=200 not digested by the body heat stable diabetisweet used in baking |
| sucralose (splenda) | newest sweetener, 1998 RS=600 Made: substitute 3 chlorines for hydroxyl groups on sucrose heat stable tiny amount digested (excreted intact in urine or feces) |
| tagatose | sold as Naturlose-slightly altered form of fructose poorly absorbed-1.5 kcal/g have probiotic effect does not promote dental caries used a lot in other countries |
| Stevia | sold as sweet leaf RS=100-300x granted GRAS status in 2008 |
| sugar consumption in US | 32 tsp added sugar/day 16%-18% CAL recommended: 10tsp |
| Legitimate uses for sugar | children (need cals for body size) preservative medium for yeast and fermentation |
| High Sugar diets | empty calories soda replacing milk calories add to excess high glycemic index (high, refined sugar) (low, not refined) |
| blood glucose | response of a given food influence by various foods |
| effects of a high glycemic index | stimulates insulin release -could produce rise in blood triglyceride level increase LDL-cholesterol level greater fat synthesis (so you make more and get fatter) develop insulin resistance return to hunger quicker |
| Health issues with sugar | Obesity? (no-b/c it is calories that matter--maybe won't be satisfied so will eat more) hyperactivity (no) heart disease (yes) diabetes (yes) hypoglycemia (yes) dental caries (yes) |
| barely sticky foods | apple, banana, hot fudge sundaes, milk chocolate bar |
| moderately sticky | white bread, chocolate-caramel bar, caramel, creme-filled sponge cake |
| stickier | dried fig, jelly beans, plain donut, raisins, chocolate-caramel-peanut bar, |
| stickiest | granola bar, oat cereal, oatmeal cookie, sugar cereal flakes, creme-sandwich cookie, peanut butter crackers |
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