1.
apnea: inability to breathe
2.
bradypnea: slow breathing
3.
caseous necrosis: degeneration and death of tissue with a cheese-like appearance
4.
Cheyne-Stokes respiration: patterns of breathing characterized by a gradual increase of depth and, sometimes, in rate to a maximal level, followed by a decrease, resulting in apnea.
5.
crackles, rales: popping sounds heard on auscultation of the lung when air enters diseased airways and alveoli; occurs in disorders such as bronchiectasis or atelectasis
6.
cyanosis: bluish coloration of the skin caused by deficient amount of oxygen in the blood
7.
dysphonia: hoarseness
8.
dyspnea: difficulty breathing
9.
epistaxis: nosebleed
10.
eupnea: normal breathing
11.
expectoration: coughing up or spitting out material from the lungs
12.
hemoptysis: coughing up and spitting out blood that originates from the lungs
13.
hypercarbia, hypercapnia: excessive level of carbon dioxide in the blood
14.
hyperpnea: Deep breathing
15.
hyperventilation: excessive movement of air into and out of the lungs, causing hypocapnia
16.
hypopnea: shallow breathing
17.
hypoxemia: deficient amounts of oxygen in the blood
18.
hypoxia: deficient amounts of oxygen in tissue cells
19.
obstructive lung disorder: condition blocking the flow of air moving out of the lungs.
20.
orthopnea: ability to breathe only in the upright position
21.
pulmonary edema: fluid filling the spaces around the alveoli and, eventually, flooding into the alveoli.
22.
pulmonary infiltrate: density on an x-ray image representing the consolidation of matter within the air spaces of the lungs, usually resulting from an inflammatory response.
23.
restrictive lung disorder: condition limiting the intake of air into the lungs.
24.
rhinorrhea: thin watery discharge from the nose
25.
sputum: material expelled from the lungs by coughing
26.
stridor: high-pitched crowing sound that occurs with an obstruction in the upper airway (trachea or larynx)
27.
tachypnea: fast breathing
28.
wheezes, rhonchi: high-pitched, musical sounds heard on auscultation of the lungs as air flows through a narrowed airway; occurs in disorders such as asthma or emphysema
