Chapter 6
Order by
37 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 primary circular reactions | involve the infant's own body. |
| Stage one (birth to one month) | stages of reflexes last for a month (sucking, grasping, staring, and listening) |
| stage two (1-4 mos.) | first acquired adaptions coordination of reflexes ( sucking a pacifier differently from a nipple...grabbing a bottle to suck from it) |
| secondary circular reactions | involves people and objects infants respond to other people, to toys, and to any other object they can touch or move. |
| stage three (age 4 to 8 months) | infant attempts to produce exciting experiences making interesting events last. |
| stage four 8 mos - 1 year) | new adaptation and anticipation or the ends to a means, because babies think about a goal and how to reach it. |
| Object permanence | The realization that objects (including people) still exist when they can no longer be seen, touched or heard by 8 mos. |
| goal directed behavior | purposeful action (1). an enhanced awareness of cause and effect (2). memory for actions already completed (3) understanding of other peoples intentions. |
| Tertiary circular | begins when 1 year old take their first independent actions to discover the properties of other people, animals. and things |
| Stage five (12 to 18 months) | is called new means through active experimentation (little scientist) putting a teddy bear in the toilet and flushing it. |
| stage six (18 to 24 months) | considering before doing provides the child with new ways of achieving a goal without resorting to trial and error experiments. before flushing, remembering that the toilet overflowed the last time, and hesitating. |
| Piaget | infants reach the various stages of sensorimotor intelligence earlier than he predicted. |
| Habituation | process of getting used to (aka bored with) object or event through repeated exposure. |
| fMRI | functional magnetic resonance imaging, a measuring technique in which the brain's electrical excitement indicates activation anywhere in the brain. |
| grand theorist | Piaget -overview contrasts with the information-processing theory. |
| information-processing theory | perspective that compares human thinking processes to computer analysis of data including sensory input, connections, stored memories, output. |
| perception | mental processing of information that arrives at the brain from the sensory. |
| Gibson affordances | opportunity for perception and interaction offered by a person, place, or object in the environment |
| selective perception | a person's age affect what affordance he or she sees. |
| research on early affordances | As information processing improves over the first year infants become quicker to recognize affordances. |
| visual cliff | experimental apparatus that gives an illusion of a sudden drop-off between one horizontal surface and another |
| depth perception | once thought that a visual deficit prvented young babies from seeing the drop |
| Movement and people | babies pay more attention to things that move and to people |
| Dynamic perception | perception that primed to focus on movement and change |
| people preference | universal principle of infant perception consisting of an innate attraction to others. |
| memory | processing and remembering events requires a certain amount of experience and brain maturation. |
| Rovee-Collier | experiment demonstrated that 3-months-old infants could remember after two weeks if they had a brief reminder session before being retested, |
| Reminder session | perceptual experience intended to help a person recollect an idea a thing, or an experience, without testing |
| 6 to 9 months | babies begin to repeat certain syllables. |
| 550 words | 10% if 2 year old speak more than |
| holophrase | single word that expresses a complete meaningful thought |
| naming explosion | sudden increase in an infant's vocabulary |
| Theories of language learning | people younger than 2 already use language well |
| three schools of thought | behaviorism, epigenetic theory, and sociocultural theory |
| Epigentic theory-Noam Chomsky | Language too complex to be mastered merely through step by step conditioning universal grammar. |
| Language acquisition device | term used for hypothesized mental structure that enables humans to learn language. Includes basic aspects of grammar, vocabulary and intonation |
| social pragmatic | perceives the crucial starting point to be neither vocabulary reinforcement (behaviorism) nor the innate connection (epigentic) but rather the social reason for language: communication |
First Time Here?
Welcome to Quizlet, a fun, free place to study. Try these flashcards, find others to study, or make your own.