HSS 389 Exam 2
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Created by:
ctmalo01 on February 28, 2011
Subjects:
prevention and care of athletic injuries
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49 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 NOCSAE | National Operating Committee on Standards for Athletic Equipment |
| Recertify/recondition helmets every_____ years | 2 |
| NOCSAE establishes minimum requirements for: | Football Helmets and Face Masks Baseball and Softball Helmets Lacrosse Helmets and Facemasks |
| Who certifies Ice Hockey helmets? | Canadian Standards Association (CSA) |
| Cantilever | a pad system of different angles that transfers forces from tackling throughout the body, not just shoulder |
| Non-Cantilever | allows for more shoulder motion. |
| 3 stages of healing | Stage I - Inflammatory Response Phase Stage II - Fibroblastic Repair Phase Stage III - Maturation-Remodeling Phase |
| Inflammatory Response Phase | Acute Injury Phase 5 Cardinal Signs of Inflammation Occur This stage will last for 2 to 4 days. Chemicals (histamine & heparin) are released to facilitate healing - these are anticoagulants |
| Cardinal Signs of Inflammation | Pain Discoloration Deformity Heat Loss of Function |
| Fibroblastic Repair Phase | healing phase (sub-acute phase) Scar formation and tissue repair occur during this time Fibroplasia (scar formation) begins within the first few hours after injury and lasts up to 4 to 6 weeks. |
| Maturation Phase | Chronic Injury Phase Remodeling phase of tissue Scar formation is good and strong at 3-weeks, can last up to several years Scars are made of covalent bonds |
| PRICE | Protection Rest Ice Compression Elevation |
| What forces cause fractures? | tension, compression, bending, torsion, or shearing |
| Greenstick | (incomplete) = kids |
| Comminuted | (multiple fractures) = surgery |
| Transverse | (R < to shaft) = direct blow |
| Linear | (vertical split) = landing from hieght |
| Spiral | (s-shaped) = twisting |
| Oblique | = axial compress, bend, torsion |
| Avulsion | a forcible tearing or surgical separation of one body part from another |
| Sprains | Stretching or tearing of a ligament Caused by tension, torsion, or shearing |
| Problem with G1/G2 sprains? | joint stability |
| Strains | Hyperstretching, pulling, or tearing of a muscle or tendon Typically due to a tension force |
| Contusions | A bruise Caused by compression or blunt trauma |
| Myositis Ossificans: | repeated blows |
| Muscle Cramps: | painful, involuntary muscle contractions |
| Muscle Guarding | splinting; muscles contract due to joint injuries to help protect |
| Muscle Soreness | usually occurs from overexertion; AOMS (Acute Onset Muscle Soreness) - muscle fatigue; DOMS (Delayed Onset Muscle Soreness) - pain perceived following an exercise |
| Tendinitis | tendon inflammation |
| Tenosynovitis | inflammation of sheath |
| Bursitis | friction at bursae |
| Osteioarthritis | degeneration of articular/hyaline cartilage |
| Primary Evaluation | assessment of potentially life threatening problems |
| Secondary Evaluation | more detailed evaluation of athlete |
| Compression/Squeeze Test | squeeze area of bone superior to injury, pain may mean fracture |
| Bump/Tap Test | Tap on bone inferior to injury |
| Tuning Fork | apply tuning fork above or below injury |
| Stress Tests | stressing a ligament to test the dexterity of the ligament. You WILL find an endpoint if ligament still in tact |
| Laxity | sign of unstable joint |
| Manual Muscle Tests | compare bilateral strength of muscles (reported 5/5, 4/5, etc.) |
| Gate Control Theory | states that by applying electrical stimulation to nerves with the sensory information they receive, they become overloaded and they close the "gate" on the pain sensation |
| Central Biasing | states that pain modulation can be achieved by applying electrical stimulation to acupressure points |
| Endogenous Opiates | theory states that after extended use of electrical stimulation, the body will release endorphins and enkephalins to relieve pain |
| Pharmacokinetics | The study of how the body handles a drug |
| Dispensing Over-the-Counter (OTC) drugs | at the college level, it is typically alright to administer OTC's as long as they are being used of intended purpose In high schools, it is illegal to dispense OTC's |
| Drugs to Combat Infection | Antifungal Agents Antibiotics Local Antiseptics and Disinfectants |
| Drugs that Inhibit Pain and Inflammation | Counterirritants and Local Anesthetics Narcotic Analgesics Nonnarcotic Analgesics and Antipyretics Aspirin Nonsteroidal Antiinflammatory Drugs Corticosteroids |
| Non-steroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs | Used for reducing pain, stiffness, swelling, redness, and fever. |
| Corticosteroids | Multitude of uses: infection, acute injury, chronic injury, illnesses, skin conditions. |
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