Unit 3: Mini-Unit on the Russian Revolution
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29 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Bolshevik | means "majority"; set up by Lenin as an attempt to adapt Marxist ideas to fit Russia's small industrial working class; represented a small percentage of socialists |
| Trotsky | Leon _______; assisted Lenin into furthering the revolution; made Red Army into effective fighting force; Lenin wanted __________ to be his successor; competed against Stalin for power after Lenin's death however he failed; later assassinated in Mexico |
| Rasputin | a self proclaimed holy man; "cured" Czarina Alexandra's son of hemophilia--with that he gained control over much of the government through Alexandra; killed later |
| Czar Nicholas II | The last Czar of the Romanov Dynasty; established an absolute monarchy; he did not leave WWI which resulted in him being rioted against and later abdicating and being assassinated during Lenin's reign of Communism |
| Czarina Alexandra | the wife of Czar Nicholas II; greatly influenced by Rasputin, "a self proclaimed holy man" who supposedly saved her son from cuts that could've killed him because he had hemophilia; later killed along with her husband and children by the Bolsheviks |
| Comintern | Communist International; aided revolutionary groups around the world and urged colonial peoples to rise up against imperialist powers |
| War Communism | the take over or banks, mines, factories, and railroads; "surplus" of food from peasants were supposed to go to hungry people in city; peasant laborers drafter into military/factory; Red Army = strong; |
| Collectives | large farms owned and operated by peasants as a group |
| 5-Year Plans | Stalin's _______________ was to make the Soviet Union a modern industrial power and aimed at building heavy industry, improving transportation, & increasing farm output |
| Cheka | a secret police force |
| Karl Marx | basically the creator of Communism; his many writings were called Marxism; he had the idea that the industrial working class would rise spontaneously to overthrow capitalism |
| Stalin's Propaganda | used modern technology; bombarded public with never ending propaganda; successes of communism; evils of capitalism; revived nationalism; glorified Stalin as a god; honored supporters of Stalin as national heroes |
| Proletariat | the growing class of factory and railroad workers, minders, and urban wage earners |
| Gulag | brutal labor camps, where many died when accused of "defying" Stalin and the Communist Party |
| Kulaks | wealthy peasants |
| totalitarian state | government in which a one-party dictatorship regulates every aspect of citizens' lives |
| soviets | councils of workers and soldiers |
| commissars | communist party officials assigned to the army to teach party principles and ensure party loyalty |
| command economy | government officials made all basic economic decisions |
| atheism | the belief that there is no god |
| socialist realism | artistic style whose goal was to promote socialism by showing Soviet life in a positive light |
| Lenin | man who set up Bolsheviks; influenced by Karl Marx; adapted Marxist ideas to Russia by making the Bolsheviks; at first exiled but shipped back in by the Germans |
| February/March Revolution | Bread Riot in St. Petersburg; resulted in the abdication of Czar Nicholas II; with the abdication; a Duma politicians set up a provisional or temporary government; war still continued; set up soviets |
| October/November Revolution | peasants mutinied; landlords driven off; Bolsheviks overthrew the provisional government; Treaty of Brest-Litovsk; ended private ownership of land and distributed it to peasants; workers given control of factories/mines; new red (communist) flag with hammer and sickle (union between peasants and workers) |
| Russian Civil War | Reds (Bolsheviks) vs. Whites (everyone else); Allies support Whites; Reds Win by appealing to nationalism; kill off counterrevolutionary forces |
| USSR | Union of Soviet Socialists Republics; Soviet Union |
| NEP | New Economic Policy; "war communism" wasn't working because party control/factory/mining output=near collapse; peasants stopped making grain with the knowledge that if they did, it would be taken away; a step back from communism; allowed some capitalist ventures; state=bank, foreign trade, large industries; people=small businesses; also stopped requesting grain; with this standard of living improved; ended resistance to the new government |
| Stalin | "man of steel"; Lenin cautious about ________; wanted to build socialism at home before spreading around the world; beat Trotsky to power after Lenin's death; very ambitious |
| Great Purge | Stalin wanted to make power absolute so used secret police to target anyone who was a "threat" to his power; had show trials, torturing; threatening; labor-camps; executions |
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