Exam 2
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Created by:
Voicesinurhead on February 28, 2011
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32 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Most cells are small because... | large cells don't function as efficiently. |
| Prokaryotic Cell | lacks a nucleus and doesn't have an extensive system of internal membranes. |
| Eukaryotic Cell | have a nucleus and have an internal membrane-bound compartment. |
| Why are phospholipids used to build cell membranes? | It controls the permeability from cell water and dissolved substances. |
| What's the structure of phospholipids? | a sheet of lipids with embedded proteins. |
| What are lipid bilayers? | form spontaneously whenever a collection of phospholipids placed in water. |
| What are the constituents of a plasma membrane? | polar region: soluble. non polar region: insoluble. |
| Cell wall function. | to maintain cell structure. |
| Capsule function. | to surround the cell wall. |
| Flagella | protein fibers that are used for locomotion. |
| Pilli | short flagellum or "hair" |
| Constituents of the endomembrane system? | to give rise to the internal membranes found in the cell. |
| Function of the ER. | to form channels and connections. |
| Golgi apparatus function. | to form collected stacks called the golgi complex. |
| Lysosome | contain enzymes that the cell uses to break down macromolecules. |
| Peroxisomes | different components to the endomembrane system that are also found in the cell. |
| What organelles are found in plant or animal cells and vice versa? | mitochondria and chloroplasts. |
| What are the constituents of the nuclear membrane? | the storage of hereditary information. |
| What is chromatin? | uncoiled DNA strands that are no longer visible as segments. |
| What is the function of the nucleolus ? | dark staining region of the nucleus. |
| What is the function of mitochondria? How about chloroplasts? | mitochondria are basically cellular powerhouses. Chloroplasts are the location for photosynthesis. |
| What is endosymbiosis? | states that some organelles evolved from a symbiosis. |
| How are mitochondria inherited from parent to child? | they are dependent on the cells in which they occur, therefore, they cannot be grown free of the cell. |
| What are different components of the cytoskeleton? | intermediate filament (ropes of intertwined protein), microtubles (hollow tubes that make up the protein tubilin), microfilaments (long slender microfilaments made up of the protein actin). |
| What is the extracellular matrix? What does it do? | takes the place of the cell wall in animal cells and is comprised by a mixture of proteins secreted by the cell. |
| What is osmosis? | water moves down its concentration gradient in moving into or out of a cell through a process called osmosis. |
| Endocytosis | engulfing of substances outside of the cell in order to form a vesicle that is brought inside the cell. |
| Exocytosis | discharge brought inside the cell. |
| Phagocytosis | solid matter. |
| Pinocytosis | liquid matter. |
| What are the three types of transporting molecules across a membrane? | selective diffusion, facilitated diffusion, and active transport. |
| What are the main two forms of energy? | kinetic and potential. |
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