Industrial Revolution and European Society
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42 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Industrial Revolution | Change in technology, brought about by improvements in machinery and by use of steam power |
| enclosure movement | The process of consolidating small landholdings into a smaller number of larger farms in England during the eighteenth century. |
| Domestic System | Early industrial labor system in which workers produced goods at home |
| factory system | a method of production that brought many workers and machines together into one building |
| automation | the condition of being automatically operated or controlled |
| Interchangeable parts | identical components that can be used in place of one another in manufactoring |
| Division of labor | Manufacturing technique that breaks down a craft into many simple and repetitive tasks that can be performed by unskilled workers. |
| assembly line | In a factory, an arrangement where a product is moved from worker to worker, with each person performing a single task in the making of the product. |
| Chartism | the principles of a body of 19th century English reformers who advocated better social and economic conditions for working people |
| welfare state | A system in which the government takes responsibility for its citizen's social and economic needs. |
| socialism | government ownership of the means of production and the distribution of goods for the presumed welfare of society |
| utopian socialism | Belief that if the inequities in society could be abolished, man's natural goodness could be perfected. |
| Marxism | every social, political or religious movement springs from a desire by one group of people to take economic advantage of another group. |
| Proletariat | the industrial working class |
| bourgeoisie | the middle class, including merchants, industrialists, and professional people |
| Fabians | Members of a late nineteenth-century socialist movement in Britain who advocated gradual reform rather than revolutions and supported the Labour party. |
| Christian Socialists | believed that the evils of industrial society could be fixed by following christian principles |
| realism | A 19th century artistic movement in which writers and painters sought to show life as it is rather than life as it should be |
| impressionism | a school of late 19th century French painters who pictured appearances by strokes of unmixed colors to give the impression of reflected light |
| post-impressionism | A late nineteenth-century style that relies on the Impressionist use of color and spontaneous brushwork but that employs these elements as expressive devices. |
| William Booth | Founded the Salvation Army |
| D.L. Moody | one of the Greatest Evangelists in the 19th century he created the Moody Bible Institute |
| George Mueller | founded many orphanages |
| Robert Raikes | father of the sunday school movement |
| C.H. Spurgeon | Known as prince of preachers |
| George Williams | founded the YMCA |
| Bohr | Model of an atom |
| Curie | Radioactive elements |
| Dalton | atomic theory |
| Darwin | theory of evolution |
| Einstein | E=mc2 relationship of matter & energy; theory of relativity. |
| Mendeleev | Periodic table |
| Roentgen | discovered x-rays |
| Rutherford | nucleus and electrons |
| Courbet | realist painter; did not paint nonexistent or unseen things |
| Debussy | French composer who is said to have created impressionism in music (1862-1918) |
| Monet | French impressionist painter (1840-1926) |
| Rodin | one of the foremost sculptors of the 19th cen; unfinished look |
| Tolstoy | Russian Novelist |
| Van Gogh | Forerunner of expressionism in painting |
| Richard Arkwright | Father of the Industrial Revolution |
| Henry Ford | He created the first assembly line used for manufacturing of automobiles |
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