5 Written Questions

1. penicillinase resistant penicillins (ex. methicillin
2. cut and paste mechanism (transposition)
3. Chloramphenicol, Macrolides, clindamycin, linezolid, quinopristin, dolfopristin,
4. degradation, stably maintained or incorporation into chromosome
5. most common type of resistance -> has enzyme that degrades the antibiotic which allows for resistance -> ex. b-lactamase

5 Matching Questions

1. Bactoprenol
2. Antibiotics that inhibit nucleic acid synthesis (DNA)
3. Chemical microbial control
4. Cell envelope structure (enveloped viruses and gram positive most sensitive; viruses, mycobacteria, endospores and mycobacteria most resistant)
5. Antiseptics

1. a alcohols (60-92%), chlorohexidine (.4-4%), iodine and iodophors (.5-10%), Triclosan (.1-2%)
2. b food preservatives, disinfectants, antiseptics, antibiotics, antifungals, antivirals
3. c transports newly formed precursors across cell wall to be added to the cell wall (crosses by being phosphorylated/dephosphorylated
4. d what factor of a bacterial cell determines its response to biocides?
5. e quinalones, metronidazole, clofoziamine

5 Multiple Choice Questions

1. compound added which causes a reduction in cell numbers
   1. Disinfectant
   2. Static effect
   3. High risk
   4. Cidal effect
2. effect of combination of antibiotics makes no difference than if they were added individually
   1. Antifungals
   2. Indifference
   3. Resistance
   4. Cidal effect
3. have exogenous folic acid and don't have to synthesize it
   1. Antibiotic
   2. Enterococci
   3. Antifungals
   4. Antagonism
4. not created but microorganisms that have this are already present in population
   1. Disinfectant
   2. Antisepsis
   3. Resistance
   4. Bacitracin
5. breaking and rejoining of DNA in new combinations
   1. Antibiotic
   2. Transposition
   3. Recombination
   4. Sterilization

5 True/False Questions

1. Bacitracin → transports newly formed precursors across cell wall to be added to the cell wall (crosses by being phosphorylated/dephosphorylated

   True        False

2. B-lactams (penicillin and cephalosporins) → not effective against mycoplasmas (no cell wall) or mycobacteria (cell wall impenetrable)

   True        False

3. Unique to bacteria → in contact with mucous membranes -> need to inactivate viruses, fungi and mycobacteria -> use alcohols (protein denaturation and coagulation) and iodophors (oxidizing agents)

   True        False

4. Synergy → usually refers to a generation -> increased number of susceptible species compared to previous generation

   True        False

5. Narrow spectrum therapeutic antimicrobials → aminopenicillins (ampicillin) -> Acid stable

   True        False