Pre AP Bio Tri 2 Finals
About this set
Created by:
aprilfoolsgirl on March 1, 2011
Subjects:
pre ap bio, biology, biology vocab, biology terms, photosynthesis
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62 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 carbon dioxide + water + light energy --> glucose + oxygen + water | Word equation for photosynthesis |
| Calvin cycle | Which stage of photosynthesis makes sugar? |
| Light reactions | Which stage of photosynthesis uses water? |
| Makes the climate warmer | How does carbon dioxide in the atmosphere affect earth's climate? |
| Interphase | Cells spend most of their time in _____. |
| Similar | The purpose of meiosis is to create 2 genetically _____ cells. |
| Identical | Sister chromatids are genetically _____. |
| Somatic | Cells are _____ throughout mitosis. |
| Centromere | The _____ is what holds the sister chromatids together. |
| Prophase I | Crossing over occurs during _____. |
| Fertilization | Cells become diploid during _____. |
| Different | Homologous chromosomes are genetically _____. |
| 23 | There are ___ chromosomes in each human cell after meiosis is complete. |
| Interphase | Creates new molecule and organelles |
| Prophase | Chromosomes condense and become visible, nuclear membrane dissolves, nucleolus breaks down, centrosomes migrate to opposite ends and spindle fibers form |
| Metaphase | Chromosomes line up at equator and attach to spindle fibers, chromatins form, held together by centromere |
| Anaphase | 2 chromatids of a chromosome get pulled to the opposite sides of a cell |
| Telophase | Nuclear membrane reforms around chromosomes, centrosomes dismantle the spindle fibers and replicate, chromosomes unwind and become chromatin, nucleolus reforms |
| Cytokineses | Cell splits in 2, fibers with cytoplasm come to the middle (cleave furrow forms) |
| Prophase I, metaphase I, and anaphase I | Phases of meiosis with 12 chromosomes |
| Telophase I, prophase 2, metaphase 2, anaphase 2, telophase 2, cytokineses | Phases of meiosis with 6 chromosomes |
| Phenotype | Physical traits |
| Codominant | The heterozygous of this type of inheritance will show BOTH traits |
| Heterozygous | Having different alleles for a trait |
| X chromosome | Most sex-linked traits are found on this chromosome |
| Genotype | Letters that represent the alleles present |
| Dominant | Trait that shows the phenotype if one or two alleles are present |
| Recessive | Needs 2 alleles in order to show the phenotype |
| Homozygous | Having the same alleles for a trait |
| True | True or false? Could a woman with blood type O and a man with blood type AB have a child with blood type B? |
| Tall | If a dominant homozygous plant is crossed with a homozygous short plant, all offspring phenotypes would be expected to be what? |
| 3 | Number of phenotypes present in codominant and intermediate inheritance |
| Mendel | Considered to be the father of genetics |
| Cytosine and thymine | Pyrimidine base pairs? |
| Guanine and adenine | Purine base pairs? |
| Phosphate | Sugar + ______ + nitrogenous base |
| Nucleotides | Monomer of DNA is _____ |
| Transcription and translation | Types of protein synthesis |
| Cytoplasm | Translation occurs in the _____ |
| Ribosomes | mRNA attaches to the _____ |
| First amino acids | tRNA carries ___________ |
| mRNA, tRNA | Codon of ____ and anticodon of ____ pair up |
| Nucleus | Transcription occurs in the _______ |
| RNA, DNA template | Single strand of ___ forms from ________ |
| Nucleus | Replication occurs in the ______ |
| Double helix | In replication, _______ untwists |
| Enzymes | In replication, free _____ come in |
| 2 | In replication, __ identical strands of DNA form |
| Make an exact copy of DNA for mitosis | Purpose of replication? |
| Fossils | One piece of evidence of evolution |
| Artificial selection | Practice of breeding plants or animals fro the most desirable traits |
| Homologous structures | Structures on different organisms with similar shape, but can have different uses- suggests a common ancestor |
| Vestigial structures | Structures that an organism has but is not used- was likely used by an ancient ancestor |
| Descent with modification | Darwin's idea that all organisms have a common ancestor and have changed over time |
| Natural selection | Process that Darwin first suggested drives evolution |
| Genetic drift | Random change in allele frequency that happens by chance in a population |
| Bottleneck effect | Sudden event that causes loss of large numbers in a population- random chance causes some alleles to survive in larger quantities |
| Adaptive radiation | Process that isolates populations of organisms and can drive the creation of new species |
| Geographic isolation | One population becoming separated due to formation of mountains or rivers- drives speciation |
| Punctuated equilibrium | One idea of the timing of how speciation occurs- change happens in hidden spurts |
| Charles Darwin | Published "On the Origin of Species" |
| HMS Beagle | Ship that Darwin sailed around the world on |
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