Endocrine Pathology
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28 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Endocrine Communication | Endocrine cell-> Chemical messenger-> Bind receptor on target cell(autocrine,paracrine or endocrine)-> Effect |
| Endocrine System in stress | Increase Energy Increase Blood flow Immune function |
| Anterior Pituitary Pathology | Usually Tumor related Gigantism - children cause excessive growth of long bones Acromegally- adults- thickening of bones (face, jaw, hands) and hypertrophy of soft tissue) |
| Anterior Pituitary Pathology | Usually Tumor Related Increase ACTH= Cushings disease Hyperpituitarism- Increased prolactin, TSH or FSH Hypopitutiarism (rare)- decrease ant. pit hormones (GH=short, ACTH=addison's, TSH=hypothyroidism) |
| Anterior Pituitary Clinal Implications | Arthritis Muscle weakness Changes in joint mobility Thicening of intervertebral disks-> back pain |
| Posterior Pituitary- Diabetes Insipidus | Deficiency ADH Na resorption, Water follows-> polyuria, dehydration |
| Posterior Pituitary-Syndrome Inappropriate Antidiuretic Hormone (SIADH) Secretion | ADH excess (Tumor, infection, trauma, over med) Water retention- Na excretion-> hypernatermia-> lethargy, nausea, anorexia Water intoxication- cells swell |
| Thyroid- Grave's Disease | doesn't kill Thyroid cells- autoimmune- enlargement and secrete TH GOITER, Increased metabolism, THYROID STORM- fever, tachycardia, delirium, irritability brought on by stress |
| Thyroid-Hypothyroiditis | -NO Active T3/T4, autoimmunte, iodine deficiency -SLOW Metabolism, bradycardia, decreases GIT function, Increase cholesterol->athroslerosis-> heart disease -myxedema- separation of CT in eyes, hand, feet -Viscous edema- spongy edema and not lymphedema- UE Problems- weakness- PSEUDOGOUT |
| Hypothyroditis Clinical Implications | Joint mobility issues, muscle weakness, CV weakness, Activity intolerance |
| Grave's Disease Clinical Implications | CV weaknes, heat intol, periarthritis, frozen shoulder, prox. muscle weakness |
| Thyroid Pathology | Goiter- enlargement thyroid gland- hyper/hypo thyroidism, iodine deficiency Thyroiditis-def TH, autoimmune, dysphagia Thyroid Cancer-palpate nodules |
| Parathyroid-Hyperparathyroidism | Excess PTH, usually tumor, hypocalcemia Bone damage, kidney damage-> problems with other systems Clinical Imps: weak bones, muscle weakness and atrophy, polyarthriis from CPPD |
| Parathyroid- hypoparathyroidism | Def PTH, accidental remove PT, or inadequate blood supply hypocalcemia Clinical Implications: tetany, fall prevention, avoid hyperventilation, heart complications, cognitive deficit(memory, concentration, mood swings |
| Adrenal- Conn's Syndrome | Increased Aldosterone and K+ Tumor, renal hypertension Hypernatremia(excess Na)-> hypervolemia-> increased BP-> heart failure Clinical Imp: tetany, cardia disryhthmia, paresthesia, muscle weakness |
| Adrenal-Addison's Disease | Decreased Cortisol and aldosterone- autoimmune glucocorticoid def.- can't combat stress causes Weakness, exhaustion, hypotension and Increased ACTH and MSH (BRONZE SKIN) Aldosterone def cause increase Na exretion-> water loss etc to cardiac failure Increased K+ retention-> heart attack |
| Addison disease - clinical implication | minimize stress (no thermal pool) addison crisis: dizziness, nausea, profuse sweating, increases HR, tremor look for signs of infection or illness |
| Hypocortisolism | Cortisol treatment, remove exogenous source abruptly, system can't deal and down regulate ant. pit and adrenal cortex |
| Pancreas- Type I Diabetes | Insulin dependent and deficient autoimmune loss of Beta cells Hyperglycemia, ketoacidosis, damage eyes, kidneys, nerves, hear and blood vessels Use exogenous insulin to control |
| Pancreas- Type II Diabetes | noninsulin dependent and insulin resistanct risk factors are obesity, sesentary, smoking, age Hyperglycemia, ketoacidosis, damage eyes, kidneys, nerves, hear and blood vessles control with diest, exercise and oral hypoglycemic agents |
| Prediabetes | Incomplete function: glucose uptake in reponse to insulin decrease insulin sensitivity and increase insulin resistance hyperglycemia, HTN, dysliidemia-> heart disease Impaired glucose tolerance and fasting glucose |
| Pathology of Type I & II Diabetes | Decrease glucose utilization Increased fat mobilization increased lipid levels decreased protein utilization cardiovascular-> athrosclerosis, cap occlusion, heart attack without pain 3 polys: polydisia, plyuria, polyphagia |
| I & II Diabetes Musculoskeletal Pathology | Stiff hand syndrome flexor tenosynovitis adhesive ccapsulitis (sleep on wrong and wake up total stiff) Skin scleroderma Tendinopathy osteoporosis diffuse io0ipathic hyperostosis |
| I & II Diabetes Neuropathy Pathology | Affect CNS, PNS Sensory polyneruopahty of hand and feet- joint trauma, ulcers Autonomic neuropathy- affect blood flow Motor neuropathy |
| Diabetes Implications | Impaired muscle-> weakness amputation neuropathy-> sensation, cognition, muscle weakness DV and pulmonary disorder(stamina) Integumentary-> skin compromised, wounding, slow to heal Low glucose Hypoglycemia- If overmedicate- can go into coma |
| Cushing's Disease | Increase Cortisol from increase ACTH tumor of ant. pit |
| Cushing's Syndrome | Increase cortisol from adrenal or medication Tumor ant pit |
| Cushing's disease and syndrome effects and implications | Hyperglycemia, HTN, proximal muscle weakening, protuberant abdomen with purple stria, buffalo hump IMMUNE SUPPRESSION Clinical Imp: poor wound healing, thinning skin Generalized muscle weakness osteoporosis |
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