Anthro Midterm
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38 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Holistic | Encompassing past, present, and future biology, society, language, and culture |
| Cultural Anthropology | humans and society in culture show similarities and difference |
| Archaeological Anthropology | reconstructs, describe, and interpret human behavior and culture through material remains |
| Biological/ Physical Anthropology | fossil records, human genetics, human growth and development, plasticity, evolution and social behavior |
| Linguistic Anthropology | study of how people use language to relate to each other and how they develop and transmit culture |
| Culture | learned, symbolic, shared, nature what one society encompasses themselves in |
| Enculturation | a process by which a child learns from his or her culture |
| Culture relativism | an idea that to know other culture requires full understanding of its members beliefs and motivation |
| Ethnocentrism | Judging other cultures and using ones own culture standards |
| Paleoanthropology | study of hominids, hominins, and human life through fossil record |
| paleontology | study of ancient life through fossil records |
| systematic survey | a regional perspective by gathering information on settlement patterns refers to the distribution of sites within a particular area |
| excavation | digging through the cultural and natural layers of deposits that make up a site |
| relative dating | a time frame in relation to other strata or material |
| Stratigraphy | the science that examines the way in which the earths sediments accumulate in layers |
| taphonomy | the study of process affecting remains of dead animals |
| catastrophism | view that extinct species were formed by fire, flood, and other natural disasters |
| uniforitarianism | natural forces at work today that can also explain past events |
| speciation | formation of new species |
| punctuated equilibrium | long periods of stability during which species change little, may be interrupted by evolutionary leaps |
| natural selection | selection of favored forms through differential reproductive successes |
| evolution | transformation of species |
| gene flow | exchange of genetic material through interbreeding |
| gene pool | all genetic material in a breeding population |
| macro evolution | formation of new species |
| primate | monkeys, apes, and humans |
| primatology | the study of apes, monkeys and prosimans |
| prosimans | lemurs, lorises and tarsiers |
| anthropoids | monkeys, apes, humans , A member of a primate group made up of the apes (gibbon, orangutan, gorilla, chimpanzee, and bonobo), monkeys, and humans. |
| brachiation | under the branch swinging, swinging by the arms from branch to branch |
| hominoid | member of superfamily including humans and all the apes |
| hominin | member of the human linage after its split from ancestral chimp |
| hominid | a member of the taxonomic family that includes humans and the african apes and their imidate ancestors |
| bipedalism | upright, two legged locomotion |
| anthropology | the social science that studies the origins and social relationships of human beings |
| human diversity | humans are a single, highly variable species inhabiting the entire globe, the biological concept of race cannot be applied to human diversity, the vast majority of human variation exists within populations rather than among populations |
| ethnography | the branch of anthropology that provides scientific description of individual human societies |
| reproductive isolation | separation of species or populations so that they cannot interbreed and produce fertile offspring |
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