| Term | Definition |
|---|
| Elements that make up the human body | oxygen, carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, calcium, phosphorus, potassium, sulfur, sodium, chlorine, magnesium |
| oxygen | o |
| carbon | c |
| hydrogen | h |
| nitrogen | n |
| calcium | Ca |
| phosphorus | p |
| Potassium | K |
| slfur | s |
| sodium | Na |
| chlorine | Cl |
| Magnesium | Mg |
| Elements most essential for most life | nitrogen, carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, phosphorus, sulfur, calcium and iron (NCHOPS CaFe) |
| element | made of one type of atom found on Periodic Table of Elements |
| compound | two or more atoms chemically joined es. H2O |
| molecule | 3 in front of formula tells the number of molecules 3H20 |
| How do you calculate the number of atoms in a formula | add all subscripts and if there is a # in front of formula multiply all subscripts by that number |
| Compounds can be | organic or inorganic |
| Inorganic compounds | made up of elements other than carbon water is an example |
| Organic compounds | contain carbon and hydrogen usually associated living organisms or products manure or coal |
| 4 types of organic compounds | carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, nucleic acids |
| carbohydrates | made of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen, supply energy for cell, like sugars and starches.Contain large amount of energy energy is released during respiration and carbohydrates ar broken down in to sugars. |
| lipids | fats and oils they release more energy than carbs. |
| proteins | build cell parts. muscles contain large amounts of protein.Proteins broken down into amino acids |
| enzyme | specific protein that speeds up chemical reactions in the body |
| Nucleic Acids | store information found in the nucleus 2 types of nucleic acids |
| DNA Deoxyribonucleic acid | directs genetic codes |
| RNA Ribonucleic acid | reads directions DNA |
| Cells get what from their enviro. | food, water, oxygen |
| Cells release what from their enviro. | waste or carbon dioxide |
| Selectively Permeable | membrane determines what can enter and exit based upon the sixe of the holes and size of objects entering/exiting cell. Both nuclear and cell membrane are selectively permeable |
| Two types of cell transport | passive and active transport |
| Passive Transport | material moves through the membrane WITHOUT the help energy.Movement occurs because molecules in constant motion from higher to lower concentration |
| Two types of passive transport | osmosis and diffusion |
| Osmosis | movement of water greater to lesser concentration |
| Diffusion | movement all materials OTHER THAN WATER greater to lesser concentration. |
| Molecules are always doing what to reach a balanced state? | moving from greater to lesser concentration |
| Equilibrium | balanced state |
| Active transport | when materials move through the membrane WITH help of energy.Moves lesser to greater concentration |
| 3 examples of active transport | carrier proteins, endocytosis, exocytosis |
| Carrier proteins | bind with objects evergy used to move through cell |
| Endocytosis | object needing to be moved too large becomes enclosed in cell membrane moves INTO the cell |
| Exocytosis | object needing to be moved is too large enclosed int the cell membrane moves OUT cell |
| Equilibrium is reached by? | active and passive transport |
| Cells take ________ that is stored in food and change it to energy sued during_________. | chemical energy and metabolism |
| Metabolism | all activities in organism allow stay alive, grow and reproduce |
| Fast metabolism | burns calories quickly |
| slow metabolism | burns calories slowly |
| This happens when you eat more calories than your body burns | gain weight |
| organism divided into _ groups upon how it gets _____ | 2 and energy |
| Organisms are either _____ or _______ | producers or consumers |
| producers | also known as autotrophs make own food beginning of every food chain. Ex. plants |
| consumers | also known as heterotrophs cannot make own food.consumer can be a carnivore, herbivore, onmivore |
| carnivore | meat eater |
| herbivore | plant eater |
| omnivore | plants and animals |
| producers are able to | change light energy into chemical energy during photosynthesis |
| plants have | chlorophyll to help them do thsi |
| chlorophyll is a green liquid found inside ______. | chloroplast |
| consumers eat | producers or other consumers they also get their energy from the sun |
| ______ is the main source of energy living organisms | sun |
| cellular respiration | process of releasing energy from food |
| During respiration | oxygen combines with glucose release stored energy this process release carbon dioxide,water, and energy |
| Plants need ___ for respiration | oxygen |
| Formula for Respiration | C6H12+O6------------------6CO2+6H20+ENERGY |
| Fermentation | body release energy from glucose because oxygen levels are lkow.Since back up method lesser from of energy it also produces lactiv acid |
| Lactic Acid | waste causes muscles burn and ache |
| To get Lactic Acid out of your muscles you | drink lots of water and massage muscles |
| Formula for Photosynthesis | 6CO2+6H2O+ENERGY----------------C6H12O6+6O2 |
| Animals go through respiration by | taking in oxygen and releasing carbon dioxide |
| Plants use | carbon dioxide for photosynthesis and release oxygen for respiration. |
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