| Term | Definition |
|---|
| Fertilization typically occurs in the ____ | amullae of the fallopian tubes |
| Cleavage occurs between days ___ and ___ | days 2 and 4 |
| The morula stage occurs by day ____ | day 3 |
| A free floating blastocyst is present by day ____ | day 4-5 |
| Implantation occurs by day___ | day 6-7 |
| Implantation can occur at any location where gametes unite | true |
| Capacitation may be connected to the function of the gene ____ | CFTR |
| source of progesterone around the oocyte, which stimulates capacitation, chemotaxis | cumulus oophorous cells |
| mechanism of sperm chemotaxis | asymmetrical flagellar wagging |
| Layers outside oocyte membrane | zona pellucida, cumulus cells |
| cortical granules | lie next to oocyte membrane, fuse with it following fertilization, Ca++ waves |
| slow block to polyspermy | altered composition of ZP |
| Evidence for Ca++ initiation of development | 1) necessary (Ca++ chelators), 2) sufficient (Ca++ inj), 3) correlation ( |
| cause of Ca++ oscillations | sperm phospholipase zeta |
| two times of Ca++ spikes | 1) between fertilization and formation of pronuclei, 2) during first mitosis (PLCz is nuclear!) |
| Physical location of polar bodies | beneath ZP |
| first zygotic mitosis timing | 24-30 hours post-fusion |
| 3-5 cell stage | can be present in mammalian embryos (asynchronous division) |
| alpha amanatin function | blocks transcription; stops development after 8-cell stage, showing that transcription is not necessary for this time period |
| types of gene expression in early embryo | maternal, zygotic |
| mechanism of maternal mRNA destruction | miRNA |
| evidence for unequal nuclear contributions of sperm and egg | hydatidiform moles/choriocarcinoma, mouse pronuclei injections, imprinting diseases |
| mechanism of double-male nuclei | double sperm fertilization or single sperm division, after maternal pronuclei loss |
| Genome demethylation in the zygote | paternal genome first, then maternal, then both re-methylated |
| two phases of demethylation/methylation cycles | in gametes, in the zygote |
| ICM cells cannot develop into | trophoblast |
| trophoblast X-inactivation preference | paternal |
| compaction | flattening of blastomeres against each other during division after 8-16 cell stage (inside ZP) |
| inside cell connection type | gap junction |
| _____ level of birth defects in ICSI/IVF vs. natural coception | higher |
Combine with other sets
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