Chapter 21/22 Test Questions
Order by
95 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Whose voyages of exploration opened the way for the Europeans to the Indies? | Vasco De gama |
| Which of the following statements concerning Ming social organization is most accurate? | Under the continued influence of Neo-Confucian Ideology, Ming society remained rigidly stratified with emphasis on deference of youth to elders and women to men. |
| Despite their armaments, what factor convinced the Europeans that they could make little headway against the kingdoms of asia? | The large populations and well-entrenched political and economic systems of Asian Kingdoms. |
| Which of the following statements most accurately describes the nature of the Asian sea-trading network? | There was no central control, and force was usually absent from commercial exchanges. |
| Which of the following was NOT a fortified trading port established by the portuguese in the early 16th century? | Batavia |
| Where were foreigners permitted to do business in China during the Ming era? | At Macao and Canton |
| Which of the following products was associated with the arab zone of the asian sea trading network? | Glass |
| Why did the Chinese abandon the commercial voyages of the Zheng He expeditions? | There was little of value for the chinese to import in trade, and the voyages were expensive to carry out. |
| What area of the Philippines was the spanish NOT able to conquer? | Mindanao |
| Which of the following statements concerning the ming economy is most accurate? | Much merchant wealth was invested in land as mean of social advancement. |
| In what year was the Tokugawa Shogunate founded, marking the reestablishment of central government in Japan? | 1603 |
| What Jesuit missionary was responsible for creating the strategy of converting Hindu elites as means of achieving mass conversions? | Robert Di Nobili |
| Which of the following products was associated with the Indian zone of the sea-trading network? | Cotton textiles |
| In terms of literature, what was the chief accomplishment of the Ming era? | The novel |
| What was the portuguese lesson learned at Calicut? | That the western products brought for trade were of little to no value in india markets. |
| How did the dutch commercial strategy within the asian trade network differ from that of the portuguese? | The dutch were more systematic in their monopoly control of a limited number of specific spices. |
| All of the following were sources of disappointment to the Europeans who arrived in Asia in the 6th and 17th centuries EXCEPT | Asia Civilization seemed materially impoverished |
| What type of ships did Vasco De gama sail in on his voyage to India? | Caravel ships |
| During the reign of what Ming emperor did the chinese launch commercial expeditions to southeast Asia, Africa, and Persia? | Yunglo |
| Why were the Portuguese unwilling to exchange Bullion for products within the Asian commercial system? | The doctrine of mercantilism equated possession of bullion with power and argued against negative trade balances. |
| Which of the following reasons is at least in part responsible for the peopling of the Yangzi region in the southern part of China during the Ming era? | The introduction of crops from the americas that could be cultivated on inferior soils that did not require irrigation. |
| Which if the following was a reform instituted by the first ming emperor to reduce court factionalism and the power of the scholar-gentry? | Corrupt or incompetent members of the bureaucracy were punished by being beaten on the bar buttocks. |
| In what way did the dutch and English participation within the Asian sea trading network change by the middle decades of the 17th century? | For both the dutch and the English, peaceful commerce came to be more profitable than the forcible control and the monopolies were aimed at European rather than asian rivals. |
| What was the initial Portuguese response to the encounter at Calicut? | To apply military force to obtain desired Asian products. |
| Which of the following statements concerning Ming reforms in favor of the peasantry is most accurate? | Despite some attempts to improve economic conditions for the peasantry, the growing power of the rural landlords led to increased tenancy and landless laborers. |
| The portuguese won a major sea battle over a combined fleet of Egyptian and Indian vessels in 1509 at? | Diu |
| What was the nature of the sea routes in the Asian trading network? | Most of the navigation was along the coastlines. |
| How successful was the portuguese monopoly on Asian products? | Though they managed to monopolize some spices grown in limited locales, the Portuguese lacked the manpower and ships to sustain a monopoly. |
| What was the significance of the mainland kingdoms and island states of southeast Asia that surrounded the three great manufacturing zones of the Asian sea trading network? | These regions fed raw materials, precious metals and forest products, into the trading network. |
| Which of the following reforms was NOT introduced by the first Ming emperor? | Family influence in the selection of men to the chinese bureaucracy was eliminated. |
| Which of the following was NOT a European contribution to the Asian sea-trading network? | The establishment of an exchange of new crops and diseases similar to the "columbian exchange" with the americas. |
| The first ming emperor was | Hongwu |
| Why did the earliest of the Japanese military centralizers accept Christian Missionaries? | Christianity was seen as a counterforce to the buddhist orders that opposed the imposition of central rule. |
| Among which of the following groups did Roman Catholic missionaries enjoy some success? | Outcaste groups in Indian coastal regions |
| In what sense was the Spanish conversion of the Filipinos similar to their experience in the Americas? | Like the Amerindians, the Filipinos' brand of christianity represented a creative blend of earlier beliefs and practices with christianity. |
| Which of the following was one of the crucial points in the Asian sea-trading network where trade converged? | The straits of malacca |
| Which of the following items was more likely to be exchanged within the ports of each of the main trading zone rather than over greater distances between zones? | Rice |
| Which of the following products was NOT one of the products associated with the chinese zone of the asian sea trading network? | cotton textiles |
| What peoples had preceded the Portuguese in entering the markets of south and southeast asia? | Muslims |
| Which of the following was not a policy imposed as a result of Japanese isolation in the 17th century? | The japanese elite abandoned all contact with western learning and technological advance. |
| In what way did the Jesuit missionaries maintain their positions at the court of the mind emperors? | By demonstrating knowledge of scientific and technological skills. |
| Which of the following was NOT one of the three military centralizers of Japan? | Hiata Ashikaga |
| Who succeeded the Portuguese as the most successful European entrant into the Asian sea-trading network? | Holland |
| Why did the portuguese believe they could successfully enter the asian sea-trading by force? | The portuguese had fewer ships, but they were more maneuverable and better armed than those of their asian opponents. |
| Where was the chief Dutch trading fortress and port in southeast asia? | Batavia |
| What raw materials were most highly valued in the asian sea-trading network? | Spices |
| What trade did the Portuguese intend to monopolize within the asian trading-network? | spices |
| Which of the following was NOT one of the early modern islamic empires? | Abbasid |
| Which of the following does NOT represent a similarity among three Muslim early modern empires? | Each empire was based on religion and its society was oriented toward domination of the Mullahs. |
| Prior to the Mongol Invasions of their empire, the abbasid dynasty was dominated by | the Seljuk Turks |
| The original base of Ottoman Turks was | Antolia |
| The Ottomans conquered Constantinople and ended the Byzantine Empire in | 1453 |
| Which of the following statements concerning Ottoman naval power is most accurate? | Powerful Ottoman galley fleets captured major island bases in the eastern Mediterranean, but were unable to prevent western advances in the Indian Ocean. |
| The Janissaries were | Slave troops of the Ottoman forcibly conscripted as adolescents from conquered territories. |
| What permitted the Janissaries to gain a position of prominence in the Ottoman Empire? | Their control of artillery and firearms gave them prominence over the aristocratic Turkish cavalry. |
| The head of the Ottoman central bureaucracy was the | vizier |
| What was the principle of succession within the Ottoman Empire? | Like earlier Islamic dynasties, the Ottoman Empire lacked a principle of succession, a fact that led to protracted warfare among prospective successors. |
| One of the most beautiful of the Ottoman mosques of Constantinople was the | Suleymaniye |
| What did the Ottomans do to constantinople following its fall 1453? | Soon after its conquest, the Ottoman sultan undertook the restoration and beautification of constantinople. |
| In what way were the artisans of constantinople similar to their counterparts in the west? | Like their counterparts in medieval european towns, the artisans were organized into guilds |
| What was the chosen language of the Ottoman court | Turkish |
| How did the Ottoman dynasty compare to other ruling families? | The ottoman dynasty lasted for over 600 years, a feat matched by no other ruling family. |
| Which of the following was NOT a cause for the decline of the Ottoman Empire? | The addition of European military technology such as light artillery made the janissaries so powerful that they could challenge the authority of the sultan. |
| On the sea, the Ottoman galleys were eclipsed by Western naval power as early as the | 16th century |
| What European nation first threatened the Ottoman monopoly of trade with east Africa and India? | Portugal |
| Which of the following was NOT a result of the Ottoman loss of monopoly over the Indian trade? | Bullion caused by a negative balance of trade flowed out of the Ottoman empire to the west |
| Which of the following groups represented such extreme conservatism within the Ottoman Empire that reform was frustrated? | Janissaries |
| Which of the following represents A difference between the origins of the Ottomans and the Safavids? | The Safavids represented the Shi'ite strain of Islam. |
| The center of the Safavid Empire was the modern-day state of | Iran |
| The Safavid dynasty had its origins in the 14th century in a family devoted to what variant of Islam? | Sufi |
| In what year was the first Safavid declared shah? | 1501 |
| Followers of the Safavids' followers were called | Red heads |
| The first Safavid shah was | Isma'il |
| Why was the battle of Chaldiran in 1514 so important? | The Safavids were dealt a devastating defeat that checked the westwards advance of Shi'ism and decimated the ranks of the Turkic warriors who had built the Safavid Empire. |
| The safavid empire reached its greatest extent under Shah | Abbas the the great |
| What was the status of the Turkic Chiefs under the Safavid Shahs? | like the Ottomans, the Turkish chiefs were gradually transformed into a warrior nobility with assigned villages and peasant labor. |
| After Chaldiran, the official language of the Safavid Empire became | Persian |
| The capital of the Safavid Empire under Abbas the great was | Isfahan |
| How did the Safavid economy compare to that of the Ottomans? | The Ottoman empire benefited int he short run from non muslim traders (christians and jews) who had extensive contacts with overseas empires that the Safavid empire lacked. |
| What led to the rapid demise of the Safavid empire? | Like the Ottoman empire, the lack of a principle of succession led Abbas the Great to eliminate all capable rivals, leaving no capable ruler following his death. |
| The immediate successor of the safavid dynasty in persia was | Nadir Khan Afshar |
| The founder of the Mughal dynasty was | Babur |
| Where was Babur Born? | Central asia |
| Which of the following descriptions of the accomplishments of Babur was NOT accurate? | He reformed the ineffective Lodi bureaucracy to create a streamlined administration. |
| Which of the following statements most accurately characterizes the reign of Humayan? | Despite the seeming stability of Babur's reign, his son Humayan was exiled by 1540 and forced to fight to restore the Mughal rule. |
| Which of the following statements concerning the reign of Akbar is NOT accurate? | He attempted to purify Islam by removing Hindu influences |
| What was the critical feature of Akbar's new religion, the Din-i-Ilahi? | It attempted to blend elements of the many faiths with which he was familiar as a means of reconciling Hindus and Muslims. |
| What was the outcome of the Din-i-Ilah? | By Akbar's death in 1605, the Din-i-Ilah was rejected by both muslims and Hindus. |
| Which of the following statements concerning the economy of the Mughal Empire is most accurate? | European traders bought products from throughout asia to exchange for the subcontinent's famed cotton textiles. |
| What was the state of the Mughal dynasty at the outset of the reign of Aurangzeb? | The Mughal bureaucracy was bloated and corrupt, the army was backward in weaponry and tactics, and the peasants and Artisians has seen living standards fall. |
| What were the goals of Aurangzeb? | He was determined to extend Mughal control over the whole of the indian sub-continent and believed it was his duty to purify indian islam. |
| What was the impact of Aurangzeb's religious practices? | His practices gravely weakened the internal alliances between Hindus and Muslims and disrupted the social peace that Akbar had established. |
| What was the State of the Mughal Empire following Aurangzeb's death in 1707? | The empire was far larger than earlier, but control and state revenues passed increasingly to regional lords who gave little more than tribute payments to the emperors. |
| Which of the following statements concerning the relationships of the muslim empires to the west was NOT accurate? | The absence of minority peoples within the empire left them without commercial and cultural contacts with the west. |
| Where is the Taj Mahal? | India |
First Time Here?
Welcome to Quizlet, a fun, free place to study. Try these flashcards, find others to study, or make your own.