Mitosis and Cell Cycle
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18 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Nucleic Acid | Thymine-Adenine Guanine-Cytosine |
| Double Helix | 2 sides of DNA that are twisted together |
| Chromatin | when DNA is long and stringy; takes this form when there is a nucleus present |
| Chromosomes | DNA that is tightly coiled up for protection because the nucleus has disappeared (46) |
| Chromatid | 1 strand of DNA; 2 sister chromatids together make up an X shape |
| Reproductive organs | Cell cycle happens to Somatic cells. Everything except the ? |
| G1, S, G2 | Interphase contains ? |
| G1 | growth cell grows up, learn how to function, carry out their functions longest phase DNA= chromatin inside the nucleus cell decides whether or not to reproduce |
| IN G1, the cell has 2 choices: | yes: keep going through the life cycle no: enter G0- stay the way they are, die, IS REVERSIBLE |
| Synthesis | DNA replication- DNA unwinds, unhooks, splits apart, and new nucleotides match up in the correct order all happens in the nucleus 2 new copied of DNA still stay attached in 1 spot |
| G2 | makes copies of organelles grows bigger |
| Prophase Metaphase Anaphase Telophase Cytokinesis | phases of mitosis |
| Prophase | Centrioles- move to opposite ends of the cell and start producing spindle fibers DNA coils up into a chromosome; nucleus disappears Spindle fibers attach to the chromosomes |
| Metaphase | Chromosome line up single file in the middle of the cell |
| Anaphase | DNA copies are pulled apart and move to the opposite ends of the cell Organelles are divided up and sent to opposite sides as well still no nucleus |
| Telophase | The cell squeezes in the middle and starts to split in half Nuclei begin to form, DNA=chromatin Nuclear membrane reforms around chromatin |
| Cytokinesis | The 2 cells completely separate Result: 2 identical cells started with 46 pieces of DNA, ended with 46 pieces of DNA |
| DNA Replication is important because | Hereditary information passed on to new cells No mistakes in the hereditary information New cells are exactly like the old cells |
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