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RIFTING the process by which earths crust breaks apart CRATONS ALL OF CONTINENTS THAT EXIST TODAY CONTAIN LARGE AREAS OF STABLE ROCK SHIELDS ROCKS WITHING THE CRATONS THAT HAVE BEEN EXPOSED AT EARTH'S SURFACE TERRANE A PIECE OF LITHOSPHERE THAT HAS A UNIQUE GEOLOGIC HISTORY THAT DIFFERS FROM THE HISTORIES OF SUROUNDING LITHOSPHERE ACCRETION THE PROCESS IN WHICH A TERRANE BECOMES PART OF A CONTINENT SEAMOUNTS UNDERWATER MOUNTAIN ATOLLS SMALL CORAL ISLANDS SUPERCONTINENT CYCLE THE PROCESS IN WHICH CONTINENTS FORM AND BREAK APART OVER TIME PANGAEA THE SUPERCONTINENT THAT FORMED 300 MILLION YEARS AGO PANTHALASSA the single large ocean that covered earth's surface during the time the supercontinent pangaea existed LAURASIA a hypothetical continent that (according to plate tectonic theory) broke up later into North America and Europe and Asia GONDWANALAND a hypothetical continent that (according to plate tectonic theory) broke up later into India and Australia and Africa and South America and Antarctica