Chp 14 Science
About this set
Created by:
LADavenport on March 3, 2011
Subjects:
Log in to favorite or report as inappropriate.
Order by
35 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Doctrine of Uniformity | the idea that the present is the key to the past and geological change is caused by gradual processess rather than sudden castrophes or supernatural events caused by a greater power |
| Flaws of Doctrine of Uniformity (1 & 2) | 1. sedimentation of sand and silt occurs mainly at mouths of rivers in shallow oceans; all the continents have extensive deposits of stratified sediments implying that all the continents were once covered by a shallow ocean 2. Fails to explain why we see evidence of processes that worked in the past that are not operating today (ex. never seen fossil graveyards form; thick supplies of sedimentary ooze exist today on the ocean floor, however never have we seen this ooze turn into chalk, but it has at sometime in the past |
| Flaws of Doctrine of Uniformity (3 & 4) | 3. Fails to explain processes we see operating today that did not operate in the past (ex. erosion; soil creation is not present in the layers of sedimentary rock layers) 4. If volcanoes produce water and Doctrine of Uniformity is in place, and the earth is truly 4.5 billion years old, then the whole earth would be covered by water from the steam of the volcanoes |
| Warning against the error of the uniformitarianism | 2 Peter 3:3-4 "Knowing this first that there shall come in the last days scoffers, walking after their own lusts, And saying 'Where is the promise of his comine? for since the father's fell asleep, all things continue on as they were from the beginning of creation." |
| Evolutionist believe the earth is _____ yrs. old | 4.5 billion |
| Creationsists believe the earth is _______ yrs old | a couple of thousand (6,000 years old) |
| What future event demands a rejection of uniformitarianism? | The Lord's soon return |
| How did James Ussher determine the date of Creation? What was the date? | Used the genealogical records in the Old Testament along with the prophecies of Daniel and other prophets to calculate that Creation took place in 4977 BC. |
| Potassium- Argon Method | 1. Gives age really wrong-170 yrs. = 160 million to 3 billion years 2. Does not involve cargon 3. Based upon similar ratio of material 4. Unscientific assumptions about rock content 5. Elements are unstable and break down |
| Radiocarbon Dating | 1. Unreliable for ages older than 5000 yrs. 2. Works well if used properly and caution is taken 3. Based upon similar ratio of material 4. Uses a calibration curve 5. Uses liquid scintillations 6. Elements are unstable and break down |
| Uranium-lead Method | 1. Does not involve carbon 2. Based upon similar ratio of material 3. Unscientific assumptions about rock content 4. Elements are unstable and break down. |
| anomalous | not even or same; examples that do not agree with dates from other known means; NOT VALID RESULTS |
| Factors Affecting Amount of Carbon 14 that an organisms tissue takes in. | 1. Tissues of some organisms "prefer" one form of carbon over another 2. Rate of Carbon-14 production and its occurrence in the atmosphere are known to have varied throughout history 3. Limited to materials that containing organic carbon such as wood, charcoal, shell, and bones. DOES NOT WORK ON THINGS THAT ARE NOT NOR HAVE BEEN LIVING THINGS (rocks, minerals, metals) |
| dendrochronology | the science or technique of dating events, environmental change, and archaeological artifacts by using the characteristic patterns of annual growth rings in timber and tree trunks |
| meteorologist | a specialist who studies processes in the earth's atmosphere that cause weather conditions |
| List Several Examples of the earth's design that show God's care for living organisms, an describe how each design feature is beneficial. | 1. Earth's Mass- directly responsible for the strength of gravity at earth's surface; different gravity would require different biological designs to achieve the same functions 2. Earth's Rotation - perfectly matched for temperatures from the sun, perfect periods for hunting and food gathering, for sleep periods, and wind and weather patterns 3. Atmospheric Pressure - earth is protected by it's atmosphere perfectly 4. Liquid Water - covers 71% of the earth; so far not found on the surface of any other planet; properties of transparency, expansion before freezing, dissolving properties, relatively strong surface tension important to many of life's processes |
| Name the Layer's of the Earth | 1. Crust 2. Moho 3. Mantle 4. Lithosphere 5. Athenosphere 6.Core- made up of inner and outer core |
| Crust | 1% of earth's volume; low density rock plates; 4.5 miles to 31 miles under earth's surface |
| Moho - Mohorovic Discontinuity | named after Croation scientist who discovered it; boundary between the crust and the mantle; seismic discontinuity in the earth where the speed of earthquake waves suddenly speed up at this depth; 4.5 miles deep to nearly 31 miles deep in some places |
| mantle | extends from Moho to depth of about 1800 miles; occupies 84% of earth's volume; can be divided into several subregions depending on how earthquake waves travel through it (upper and lower mantle) |
| Upper Mantle | includes the part of the lithosphere and all of the asthenosphere; layer of solid matter chemically different form the crust but attached to it; includes a segment about 40 miles-160 miles below the ocean basins and continents; earthquakes generally speed up through this region with the exception of the athenosphere |
| Lithosphere | Outer shell of the earth, composed of the crust and the rigid, outermost part of the mantle outside the asthenosphere; material found in earth's plates; layer where lava is formed |
| Asthenosphere | The solid, plastic layer of the mantle beneath the lithosphere; made of mantle rock that flows very slowly, which allows tectonic plates to move on top of it; earthquake waves slow down in this region; believed to be nearer to melting compared to the rock above or below it due to the combination of heat and pressure at this depth; 125 miles thick below the lithosphere |
| Lower Mantle | made of rock that flows like a very thick liquid; motion is similar to the convection currents seen in the sun's interior; NOTE THE MANTLE'S DENSE, HOT, PLASTIC-LIKE solid material IS NOT THE SAME THING AS LAVA OR MAGNA which is Magma that forms in the molten (liquid) rock that forms within the lithosphere |
| Core | 15-16% of earth's volume -must be extremely hot and dense; -made up of inner core and outer core -believe be made up of 85% iron, 4-5% nickel and remainder being lighter elements such as oxygen |
| Outer Core | 1400 miles thick; believed to be liquid or to have liquid properties; |
| Inner Core | 800 mile radius; likely that the flow of the liquid portion of the core is at least partly responsible for earth's strong magnetic field |
| Which country has dug the deepest whole into the earth and did it reach the mantle? | Former soviet union begun in 1970; Kola project; dug 7.6 miles deep |
| historical geology-truths accepted | 1. No human was present to view the origin of the earth; 2. No human record exists for events prior to about 4500 yrs. ago; 3. The historical records that contain information of interest to geologists are incomplete |
| historical geology assumptions that must be made about the beginning of the earth. | 1. the earth has always existed 2. the earth came into existence through a natural process or 3. the earth came into existence supernaturally |
| historical geology assumptions that must be made after the beginning of the earth | 1. the processes that existed at the beginning continued to operate relatively undisturbed to the present day; 2. the original processes that we see today operated continuously except when briefly interrupted by significant geologic events, such as an asteroid impact; 3, the earth's history consists of phases separated by one or more major geologic events that permanently changed the earth and its processes. |
| Fully Functional Earth | God created a world that was fully functional-contained everything it needed and was abundant with life -Adam and Eve as mature adults -Soil that was nutritional from the beginning -ready for man's use by the time God placed him on it and gave him dominion over it -celestial bodies were ready for their purpose |
| Genesis 2:1 | The earth was complete and it was good |
| Sin | The Fall and the Curse The Flood changed the course of the earth |
| Changes from the Flood | 1. eroded and redeposited vast amounts of sediments; strata - sedimentary rock layers of the earth are likely a result of the flood 2. changed climate from mild to tropical; may have introduced 2 times more water onto the surface of the earth 3. raised great chains of mountains and volcanoes and likely rearranged the earth's surface as huge plates of the crust slid against each other creating mountain ranges and deep chasms. |
First Time Here?
Welcome to Quizlet, a fun, free place to study. Try these flashcards, find others to study, or make your own.