1.
allele: alternate forms of gene with a slight difference in base sequence
2.
codominant trait: traits which have a heterozygous genotype where both alleles have equal expression
3.
dominant: masks, one allele is stronger than the other
4.
dominant, recessive: example: allele for tall pea plant is (T) ______ over short pea plant (t) _______
5.
F1: the offspring of the P generation
6.
F2: the offspring of the F1 generation
7.
gene: location of a specific trait on a chromosome
8.
genetics: study of heredity
9.
genotype: genetic makeup of an individual (think gene)
10.
genotype: example: the ______for a pure tall pea plant would be TT
11.
Gregor Mendel: a monk who bred pea plant to study inheritance, he discovered the basic principals of heredity; Father of Genetics
12.
heterozygous: when the alleles in a pair are different from each other (hetero=different)
13.
heterozygous: example: a tall pea plant with genotype Tt is ______
14.
homozygous: example: a pure tall pea plant is _____ dominant, genotype=TT
15.
homozygous: when both alleles in a pair are the same (homo=same)
16.
incomplete dominance: traits which have a heterozygous genotype that is intermediate between the dominant and recessive allele
17.
incomplete dominance: example: some varieties of flowering plants will produce a pink flowering version when a homozygous red and homozygous white are crossed
18.
law of dominance: in pair of alleles where one is expressed and one is not expressed, the expressed allele is dominant and unepressed is not dominant
19.
law of segregation: two alleles for each trait separate when gametes form
20.
monohybrid cross: cross between two individuals that differ by one trait
21.
multiple alleles: example: there are three alleles for blood type ( A, B, O) which results in four blood types
22.
multiple alleles: traits controlled by more than two alleles for the same gene
23.
P1: parental generation or the original generation that you observe
24.
phenotype: the expression of the genotype or the physical characteristics that you can see (think physical)
25.
phenotype: example: if the genotype for height in the pea plant is tt, then you will see a short pea plant
26.
polygenic traits: example: skin color is controlled by 4-7 genes
27.
polygenic traits: traits controlled by two or more genes
28.
recessive: gets masked, weaker allele
29.
sex-linked traits: examples: colorblindness and hemophilia
30.
sex-linked traits: traits that appear in the 23rd pair of chromosomes (the chromosomes that determine gender) and are normally found on the x chromosome
31.
single allele traits: traits that are controlled by a single dominant allele or homozygous recessive alleles
32.
single allele traits: example: height in pea plants is controlled by a dominant tall allele or two recessive short alleles
33.
traits: passed from parents to offspring
