| Term | Definition |
|---|
| Corrupt Bargain of 1824 | Immediately after John Quincy Adams became President, he appointed Henry Clay as Secretary of State. Jacksonians were furious because all former Secretaries of State became Presidents. This "corrupt bargain" occurred after the Election of 1824 when Andrew Jackson had the most electoral votes, but not majority. Then, Henry Clay (having the least of the electoral votes) gave them to John Q. Adams, giving him the majority and making him President. Jacksonians question whether John Q. Adams made Henry Clay Sec. of State for payback in giving his votes. |
| John Quincy Adams | He was the sixth president of the United States. He was a republican from Mass. who was the first minority president. He served only four years, from 1824-1828. He could never gain the support of the Americans because he was a minority president. He was in favor of funding national research and he appointed Henry Clay as his Secretary of State. During his presidency the National Republicans were formed in support of him. He was essentially chosen by the House of Representatives. |
| Henry Clay | of kentucky, the gamy and gallant "Harry of the West" |
| William Crawford | Originally from Georgia, Crawford ran in the 1824 election representing the south. He was forced to drop out of the race due to a stroke. |
| Andrew Jackson | Andrew Jackson was a Democratic-Republican who was voted into office in 1828. The people wanted representation and reform from the administration of John Quincy Adams. Jackson believed that the people should rule. He was the first president from the west, and he represented many of the characteristics of the west. Jackson appealed to the common man as he was said to be one. He believed in the strength of the Union and the supremacy of the federal government over the state government. |
| Samuel Swartwout | awarded the lucrative post of collector of the customs of the port of new york, first person to steal a million from the washington government |
| Tariff of 1828 (of Abominations) | 1) An extremely high tariff that Jacksonian Democrats tried to get Adams to veto. 2) 1828- Around Presidential elections 3)Jackson was elected as President. |
| Denmark Vesey / Stono Rebellion | Denmark Vesey was a free black slave who lived in the Carolinas. Vesey led a slave rebellion in Charleston in 1822. This slave rebellion was part of what led to the anxieties of the South especially in South Carolina. the Missouri Compromise and the slave rebellion both caused the South to worry about Federal government interference in slavery issues. |
| John C. Calhoun | Calhoun, from South Carolina, wrote the doctrine of nullification, expressing his views in support of states' rights. His views were so disputed and so different from Jackson's that Calhoun resigned and was appointed senator in South Carolina to present their case to Congress. |
| Tariff of 1832 | a slightly lower tariff compared to the Tariff of 1828. It fell short of the South's demands |
| Tariff of 1833 | It called for the gradual reduction of the Tariff of 1832 by about 10% over 8 years. By 1842, the rates would be back at the level of 1816 |
| The Force Bill | known to the Carolinians as the Bloody Bill. authorized the president to use the army and navy to collect federal tariff duties |
| Society for Propagating the Gospel Among Indians | founded in 1787, many denominations sent missionaries into Indian villages |
| Five Civilized Tribes | Cherokees, Choctaws, Creeks, Chickasaws, and Seminoles. Civilized due to their intermarriges with whites, forced out of thier homelands by expansion. |
| Cherokee Nation v. the State of Georgia | first attempt of Cherokees to gain complete soveign rule over their nations. |
| Indian Removal Act of 1830 | jackson was allowed to relocate the indians in the louisiana territory. |
| Bureau of Indian Affairs | established in 1836 to administer relations with America's orginal inhabitants |
| Trail of Tears | Cherokee tribe forced to move from southern Appalations to reservations in current day Oklahoma. High death toll. |
| Seminole War | 7 years waged a bitter guerrilla war that took the lives of some fifteen hundred soldiers, Americans captured their leader |
| Nicholas Biddle | the president of the Bank of the United States, held an unconstitutional amount of power over the nation's financial affairs. |
| Bank War of 1832 | Surrounded renewing the Charter for the Bank of US. Jackson opposed, Clay and and Webster wanted to use it against Jackson. Ended in death of Bank, but triggered panic and recession |
| Anti-Masonic Party | The Anti-Masonic Party was basically against elite groups such as the Masons (a private organization). They were also opposed to Jackson, who was a Mason. The Anti-Masonic party did not hold much bearing while they existed. |
| Biddle's Panic | called in his bank's loans, evidently hoping to illustrate the bank's importance by producing a minor financial crisis |
| Specie Circular | Federal decree that only allowed hard currency could be used in purchasing land in West. Issued by Jackson in 1836 to curb unreliable, inflationary currency of individual "pet banks" |
| Whigs | New Political Party emergin in opposition to Democrats. Began as weak opposition coalition in 1828. More nationalist. Advocated American system and other government institutions. Absorbed anti-Masonic party and became party of the common man. |
| Martin Van Buren | Democrat. President . Inherited Biddle panic, unpopular and dealt resurgence of slavery and new issue of Texas. |
| Divorce Bill | A bill passed by Van Buren in 1837, that divorced the government from banking altogether, and established an independent treasury, so the governemtn could lock its money in vaults in several of the larger cities. |
| Independent Treasury Bill of 1840 | Official title for Buren's Divorce Bill. Was passed in 1840 by Congress, then repealed the next year by the Whigs, then reenacted by the Democrats in 1846, and continued until it merged with the Federal Reserve |
| Stephen Austin | A governor of Texas, who negotiated with the Mexicans over the land of Texas, and in return would populate the area with 300 Catholic families, and they would become Mexicans. However, Austin went to Mexico in 1833 to negotiate differences with the Mexican goverment, and he was imprisoned by Santa Anna for 8 months. |
| Sam Houston | Texan General who fought and captured Santa Anna in war for Texan Independence (1836). |
| Santa Anna | The dictator of Mexico who jailed American negotiator Stephen Austin for 8 months. Wiped out all local rights and raised an army to suppress the upstart Texas. Defeated Americans at Alamo, but lost the battle at current day Houston thus signing the treaty to Texas' freedom |
| The Alamo | Mission/fort completely run over by Mexican forces. Initiated real hostilities between Mexicans and Texans. Memory of battle became great cry of War |
| Goliad | Shortly after the Alamo, about 400 surrendered Texans were slain by the Mexicans |
| William Henry Harrison | Whigs united behind him as their candidate and was the successor of Van Buren. He was portrayed by the whigs for his campaign as impoverished, lowborn, and hero for his efforts/success in Tippencoe while saying Van Buren was of corrupt aristocracy. Although in reality he was not poverty stricken, he won by popular vote narrowly and overwhelmingly won the electoral vote |
| John Tyler | VP of Harrison. Succeeded him to office after Harrison died. |
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