Matter, Minerals and Rocks Study Guide
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Created by:
sierramist19028 on March 4, 2011
Subjects:
honors environmental earth science
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56 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Atom | Smallest unit of all mater |
| Element | matter made from 1 type of atom |
| Proton | Positive, Found in Nucleus |
| Electron | Negative, Orbits Nucleus |
| Neutron | Neutral, Found in Nucleus |
| Located in atoms Nucleus | Proton and Electron |
| Isotope | an element with different # of neutrons than protons |
| Compound | 2 or more atoms bounded together |
| Force that holds 2 atoms together | Chemical Bond |
| 3 types of Chemical Bonds | Ionic, Covalent, and Metalic |
| Ionic Bond | forms when an atom gains or loses electrons |
| Covalent Bond | forms when atoms share electrons |
| Metallic Bond | forms when electrons are shared by metal ions |
| Particle that is involved with bonding | Electrons |
| Mineral | A solid substance with a crystal structure |
| Silicates | (silicates and Oxygen) |
| Carbonates | (Carbon, Oxygen, Metal) |
| Oxides | (Oxygen and Metal) |
| Sulfates and Sulfides | (Sulfur) |
| Halides | (Halogen and all elements in group 17) |
| Native | (Single Element) |
| Most abundant mineral group | Silicates |
| Minerals Classified? | Elements they contain |
| How do we identify minerals? | Physical Properties |
| Luster | reflection |
| Streak | Color of Powdered form |
| Hardness | how easy the rock scratches materials |
| Color | Color (can be misleading) |
| Cleavage | Smooth (breaks) |
| Fracture | Random pieces (breaks) |
| Other Properties used for describing physical properties of minerals | Density, Smell, ETC. |
| Mohs Hardness Scale? | 1-10 scale of hardness |
| Hardest Substance (rock) | Diamond |
| What determines minerals properties? | Talk |
| Rocks and Minerals related? | Rocks are composed of minerals |
| 3 types of rocks | Igneous, Sedimentary, and Metamorphic |
| Igneous rocks form? | Cooling magma |
| Intrusive Igneous Rock? | comes from under the earth |
| Extrusive Igneous Rock? | comes from above the earths surface |
| Igneous Rock with glassy appearance? | Extrusive |
| Igneous rock that has larger crystal grains? | Intrusive |
| This process affects the rate of crystal growth within a rock... | rate of cooling |
| How Metamorphic rock is formed? | Heat and Pressure |
| How metamorphic rocks are classified with layers | Foliate |
| How metamorphic rocks are classified without layers | Non-Foliate |
| How sedimentary rocks are formed? | weathering and erosion |
| Sediment? | small pieces of broken down rock |
| Compaction? | Pressure (pushing together) |
| Cementation | Sediment Hardens |
| Clastic | type of sedimentary rock, made of fragments of rock cemented together with calcite or quartz |
| Chemical Sedimentary | minerals crystallize out of solution to become rock |
| Organic Sedimentary | Remains of plants and animals |
| The type of rocks that can form sedimentary | Igneous, Metamorphic, and Sedimentary (All Rocks) |
| The Rock Cycle? | how rocks form |
| Rock that fossils would be in | Sedimentary |
| Most abundant type of rock on the surface of the earth | Sedimentary |
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