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Akhenaton Egyptian pharaoh (r. 1353-1335 B.C.E.). He built a new capital at Amarna, fostered a new style of naturalistic art, and created a religious revolution by imposing worship of the sun-disk. Hatshepsut Queen of Egypt (r. 1473-1458 B.C.E.). She dispatched a naval expedition down the Red Sea to Punt (possibly northeast Sudan or Eretria), the faraway source of myrrh. Hittites A people from central Anatolia who established an empire in Anatolia and Syria in the Late Bronze Age. Iron Age Historians' term for the period during which iron was the primary metal for tools and weapons. Library of Ashurbanipal A large collection of writings drawn from the ancient literary, religious, and scientific traditions of Mesopotamia. Linear B A set of syllabic symbols, derived from the writing system of Minoan Crete, used in the Mycenaean palaces of the Late Bronze Age to write an early form of Greek. Mass deportation The forcible removal and relocation of large numbers of people or entire populations. Minoan Prosperous civilization on the Aegean island of Crete in the second millennium B.C.E. Mycenae Site of a fortified palace complex in southern Greece that controlled a Late Bronze Age kingdom. Neo Assyrian Empire An empire extending from western Iran to Syria-Palestine conquered by the ________ people of northern Mesopotamia between the tenth and seventh centuries B.C.E. Ramesses II A long-lived ruler of New Kingdom Egypt (r. 1290-1224 B.C.E.). Shaft graves A term used for the burial sites of elite members of Mycenaean Greek society in the mid-second millennium B.C.E. Israel In antiquity, the land between the eastern shore of the Mediterranean and the Jordan River, occupied by the _________s from the early second millennium B.C.E. Hebrew Bible A collection of sacred books containing diverse materials concerning the origins, experiences, beliefs, and practices of the Israelites. First Temple A monumental sanctuary built in Jersualem by King Solomon in the tenth century B.C.E. to be the religious center for the Israelite god Yahweh. Monotheism Belief in the existence of a single divine entity. Diaspora A Greek word meaning used to describe the communities of a given ethnic group living outside their homeland. Phoenicians Semitic-speaking Canaanites living on the coast of modern Lebanon and Syria in the first millennium B.C.E. Carthage City located in present-day Tunisia, founded by Phoenicians ca. 800 B.C.E. Neo-Babylonian Kingdom Under the Chaldaens (nomadic kinship groups that settled in southern Mesopotamia in the early first millennium B.C.E.), ________ again became a major political and cultural center in the seventh and sixth centuries B.C.E.