AP Human Geography Vocabulary- The Cultural Landscape: An Introduction to Human Geography (Chapter 7&8 Vocabulary)
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rgrahul1234 on March 6, 2011
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AP Human Geography Test Review
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83 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Balkanization | a country that falls apart due to conflicts due to the different nations or ethnicities int he country |
| binational state | a state with two nations |
| multinational state | a state with more than two nations |
| boundary | invisible lines that mark the extent of a state's territory and the control that its leaders have |
| centripetal force | forces that bind people together |
| centrifugal force | forces that destabilize the government and encourage the country to fall apart |
| Cold war | the competition between tow superpowers for control of land spaces over the world |
| colonies | dependent areas of a country; dependent on the mother country |
| command economy | an economic system in which the government controls a country's economy |
| compact states | a circle-like state that has the capital in the center giving everyone easya ccess to the capital |
| confederal system | spreads the power among many sub-units |
| consequent boundaries | another name for cultural boundaries |
| core area | an area that mos early nation-states grew over time from |
| core-periphery | the core is the wealthier and more industrial area; the periphery is the less industrial area |
| cultural boundary | boundary between two states due to their cultural differences |
| democratization | the spread of representative government to more countries and the process of making governments more representative |
| devolution | the transfer of some important powers from central governments to sub-governments |
| positional dispute | dispute that occurs when two states can not come to agreement where a border is |
| territorial dispute | dispute that arises over the ownership over a region |
| resource dispute | dispute over a border area that contains resources |
| functional dispute | dispute that arises when neighboring states can't agree on policies that apply in a border area |
| economic force | a devolutionary force that has to do with the economic perspective of things |
| electoral geography | the study of how the spatial configuration of electoral districts and voting patterns reflect and influence social and political affaris |
| elongated states | states that have a narrow, long shape |
| enclaves | a state that is completely surrounded by another state |
| exclaves | a seperate part of a state that has territory of a different country between it and the mainland |
| ethnic forces | devolutionary forces that consist fo ethnicities |
| ethnonationalism | the tendency for an ethnic group to see itselfas a distinct nation with a right to autonomy or independence |
| Europen Constitution | an important recognition of the EU's sovereignty |
| European Monetary Union | a union that sets basic interest rates and controls the banks in Europe |
| European Union | a regional organization that promises to redefine the meaning of sovereignty |
| federal system | a system that divides the power between the central government and the sub-units |
| forward capital | a capital that serves as a model for national objectives, especially for economic development and future hopes |
| fragmentation | divisions based on ethnci or cultural identity |
| fragmented states | states that have several seperate parts; island states |
| frontiers | a geographic zone where no state has any power |
| geometric boundary | a boundary between two states that is a straight line; usually have good reasons behind them |
| gerrymandering | attempts to redraw boundaries to improve the chance of a party's supporters to win seats |
| geopolitics | the study of the spatial and territorial dimensions of power relationships within the global political-territiorial order |
| globalization | democraticization and the move toward market economies by indication grwoing commonalities among nations |
| government | the system or form by which a community or other political unit is governed |
| heartland theory | a theory that stated the "pivot area" of the Earth is Eurasia, ebcuase it holds the human resources and the natural resources |
| imperialism | empire bulding |
| institutions | stable; long-lasting organizations that help to turn political ideas into policy |
| internal boundaries | type of boundary within a state, for administrative purposes or to mark off cultural regions |
| irredentism | the policy of a state wishing to incorporate within itself territory inhabited by people who have ethnic or linguistic links with the country but that lies within a neighboring state |
| landlocked states | states that lack any contact with ocean |
| market economy | an economy that relies chiefly on market forces to allocate goods and resources and to determine prices |
| marketization | the state's re-creation of a market in which propert, labor, goods, and services can all function in a competitive environment to determine their value |
| meridian-line principle | a water boundary between two countries |
| microstates | a state that is only a few square miles |
| minority/majority districting | a form of gerrymandering in which a rearranging of districts allows a minority official to be elected |
| mixed economy | an economy that is not a pure economy |
| monetary policy | the control of the money supply |
| multicore state | states with more than one core area |
| nation | a group of people that is bound together by a common identity that distinguishes one nation from another |
| nation-state | a state whose territorial extent coincides with that occupied by a distinct nation or people |
| nationalism | a sense of unity with fellow citizens and loyalty to the state to promote its culture and interests |
| perforated states | a state that completely surrounds another state |
| physical boundary | a boundary between two states that consists of a physical characteristic |
| political geography | the study of the political organization of the planet |
| political culture | the collection fo political beliefs, values, practices, and institutions that the government is based on |
| politicization of religion | the use of religious principles to promote politiccal ends and vice versa |
| politics | the analyzing of how power moves throughout |
| primate city | a capital city that has the most advancement in the whole state by far |
| privatization | the transfer of state-owned property to private ownership |
| Fredrich Ratzel | a geographer who theorized that a state compares to a biological orgnaism, because it has a life from birth to death with a rise and fall of power |
| relative location | the regional position or situation of a place relative to the position of other places |
| rimland theory | a theory that argued that hte euraisan rim holds the key to global power |
| Security Council | a body repsonsible for making this decision of implementing a peace-keeping force in a troubled area |
| seperatist movement | nationalities within a country demand independence |
| shatter belts | zones of great cultural complexity containing many small cultural groups who find refuge in the isolation of the rough terrain |
| sovereignty | the ability of the state to carry out actions or policies within its borders independently from interference either from inside or outside |
| spatial force | a devolutionary force that has to do with the margins of the state |
| stateless nation | a group of people that form a nation, but are not able to form a country |
| states | countries |
| supranational organization | cooperating groups of nations that operate on either a region or international level |
| territorial morphology | the study of the shapes of states |
| territoriality | efforts to control pieces of the Earth's surface fro political and social ends |
| "third wave" of democratization | the form of democratization the modern world currently is in |
| three pillars | spheres of authority |
| unitary states | a system that concentrates all policy-making powers in one central geographic place |
| integration | the process that encourages states to pool their sovereignty n order to gain, political, economic, and social clout |
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