Anatomy Chp 17: Endocrine System
Order by
27 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Endocrine System | system of ductless glands that release hormones into the circulation |
| Hormones | messenger molecules that travel in the circulatory vessels and signal physiological changes in target cells |
| True Endocrine Organs (5) | Pituitary Gland Pineal Gland Thyroid Gland Parathyroid Glands Adrenal Glands |
| Other Endocrine Glands (4) | Pancreas Thymus Gonads Hypothalamus |
| Types of Hormones (2) | Steroids- lipid molecules derived from cholesterol Amino Acid Based Hormones- peptides, proteins, and modified amino acids |
| Target Cells | -have specific receptors which bind to specific hormones and then react in a pre-programmed response |
| Path of Hormones | secreted from particular gland ----(neural/blood pathway)----> target cell ---->physiological response |
| Types of Hormone Stimuli | Humoral Hormonal Neural |
| Humoral Stimuli | endocrine glands secrete hormone in direct response to change in the blood |
| Neural Stimuli | nerve fibers stimulate cells within endocrine gland to release hormones |
| Hormonal Stimuli | hormones from certain endocrine glands secrete hormones that stimulate other endocrine glands so that they released their hormone |
| Negative Feedback | Hormone secretion is started/stopped based on a set blood concentration level. Once the blood concentration achieves homeostasis hormone secretion stops. |
| Positive Feedback | As blood concentration of hormone increases, the effector organ secretes more hormone ex:oxytocin |
| Divisions of the Pituitary Gland | Anterior Lobe (composed of glandular tissue) pars distalis pars intermedia pars tuberalis Posterior Lobe (composed of neural tissue) pars nervosa infundibular |
| Pituitary Anterior Lobe Hormones | Tropic -Thyroid Stimulating Hormone -Adrenocorticotropic Hormone -Follicle Stimulating Hormone -Luteinizing Hormone Other -Growth Hormone -Prolactin -Melanocyte Stimulating Hormone |
| Growth Hormone (GH) | type of cells: somotropic target organ: liver, muscle, bone, etc. response: stimulated protein synthesis, somatic growth |
| Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH) | type of cells: thyrotroph target organ: thyroid gland response: stimulates thyroid to release TH |
| Adrenocorticotropic Hormone (ACTH) | type of cells: corticotroph target organ: adrenal cortex response: release of adrogens |
| Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH) | type of cells: gonadotropic cells target organ: gonads response: stimulates estrogen/testosterone production |
| Prolactin (PRL) | type of cells: prolactin target organ: breast tissue response: lactation |
| Posterior Lobe Hormones | Neural Stimuli -Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH) -Oxytocin |
| Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH) | target: kidneys response: kidney cells resorb water and return it to blood |
| Oxytocin | target: uterus, breasts response: uterine contractions, milk ejection |
| Thyroid Gland | location: anterior neck hormones: thyroid hormone (TH) calcitonin |
| Thyroid Hormone (TH) | target: all cells response: increased basal metabolic rate |
| Calcitonin | target: kidneys response: lowers blood calcium level |
| Parathyroid Gland/Hormone | location: posterior surface of thyroid gland Parathyroid Hormone (PTH) produced by chief cells target: kidneys effect: increases blood calcium level |
First Time Here?
Welcome to Quizlet, a fun, free place to study. Try these flashcards, find others to study, or make your own.