Chapter 25 - The Beginning of the Twentieth-Century Crisis: War and Revolution
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heatherdoll on March 7, 2011
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26 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Archduke Francis Ferdinand | Heir to Austria-Hungary who was murdered by radical Serbian nationalists. This resulted in Austrian mobilization with the full support of Germany. |
| Conscription | a military draft |
| Militarism | a political orientation of a people or a government to maintain a strong military force and to be prepared to use it aggresively to defend or promote national interests |
| Mobilization | act of assembling and putting into readiness for war or other emergency: "mobilization of the troops" |
| Trench Warfare | Fighting with trenches, mines, and barbed wire. Horrible living conditions, great slaughter, no gains, stalemate, used in WWI. |
| No Man's Land | (n) terrain between front lines of entrenched armies; land that is unowned and uninhabited; dangerous |
| Gallipoli | A poorly planned and badly executed Allied campaign to capture the Turkish peninsula of Gallipoli during 1915 in World War I. Intended to open up a sea lane to the Russians through the Black Sea, the attempt failed with more than 50 percent casualties on both sides. |
| Lawrence of Arabia | a British officer who urged the princes of Arabia to revolt against the Ottoman Empire |
| Total War | The channeling of a nation's entire resources into a war effort. |
| Nationalization | changing something from private to state ownership or control |
| Georges Clemenceau | He was the French representative at the Paris Peace Conference in 1919. He pushed for a revenge-based treaty at Versailles. |
| David Lloyd George | He was the British representative at the Paris Peace Conference in 1919. He pushed for a revenge-based treaty at Versailles. |
| Rasputin | Russian monk who had influenced the Czar's government policies; he had mystical powers. Often referred to as "Sexual Athlete". Tried to stop Russia from going to war. "Holy Man" |
| Soviets | a Russian council composed of representatives from the workers and soldiers. |
| Bolsheviks | Led by Vladimir Lenin it was the Russian communist party that took over the Russian goverment during WWI |
| Vladimir Lenin | Russian founder of the Bolsheviks and leader of the Russian Revolution and first head of the USSR (1870-1924) |
| Leon Trotsky | Russian revolutionary and Communist theorist who helped Lenin and built up the army |
| Treaty of Brest-Litovsk | treaty in which Russia lost substantial territory to the Germans. This ended Russian participation in WWI |
| War Communism | in World War I Russia, government control of banks and most industries, the seizing of grain from peasants, and the centralization of state administration under Communist control |
| Cheka | The re-established tsarist secret police, which hunted down and executed thousands of real or suspected foes, sowing fear and silencing opposition. |
| Armenian genocide | the Turkish government organized the department of the armenians in the Ottoman Empire and over a million were murdered or starved - one of the first genocides of the 20th centuries |
| Paris Peace Conference | The great rulers and countries excluding germany and Russia met in Versailles to negotiate the repercussions of the war, such leaders included Loyd George (Britain), Woodrow Wilson (America), Cleamancu (France) and Italy. The treaty of Versailles was made but not agreed to be signed and the conference proved unsuccessful. |
| Woodrow Wilson | 28th president of the United States, known for World War I leadership, created Federal Reserve, Federal Trade Commission, Clayton Antitrust Act, progressive income tax, lower tariffs, women's suffrage (reluctantly), Treaty of Versailles, sought 14 points post-war plan, League of Nations (but failed to win U.S. ratification), won Nobel Peace Prize |
| Self-Determination | the ability of a government to determine their own course of their own free will |
| War Guilt Clause | in treaty of Versailles; declared germany and austria responsible for WWI; ordered Germany to pay reparation to Allied powers |
| Reparations | payment for damages after a war |
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