TAKS Study Guide
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Created by:
swoodrfms Plus on March 7, 2011
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69 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Abraham Lincoln | President during the Civil War - assasinated at Ford's theater |
| Harriet Beecher Stowe | author of Uncle Tom's Cabin, abolitionist |
| Uncle Tom's Cabin | written by Harriet Beecher Stowe about the evils of slavery |
| First Amendment | Freedom of Religion, Speech, Press, Assembly and Petition |
| Westward Expansion | the territorial growth of the United States from the East coast to the West coast, including the Louisiana Purchase, Santa Fe Trail, California Gold Rush |
| 13 Colonies | located along the Eastern sea board,the Atlantic Ocean |
| Louisiana Purchase | doubled the size of the United States, purchased for 15 million dollars by Thomas Jefferson in 1803 |
| Manifest Destiny | the belief that it was God's will for the United States to expand from the East Coast (Atlantic Ocean) to the West Coast (Pacific Ocean), which was one of the reasons the United States went to War with Mexico |
| Nullification Crisis | South Carolina was dissatisfied with the federal policy on tariffs and declared the 1832 Tariff illegal |
| Industrialization | Machine production, large factories, effective management, numerous workers |
| Francis Cabot Lowell | created textile mills, women/girls would work in his factories and live in dorms |
| Starvation Time | period of time (1607-1609) when only 60 of more than 900 Jamestown colonists survived due to disease caused by the swampy location(mosquitoes) |
| Northwest Ordinance | Congress appoints a resident governor, a secretary and three judges to rule the territory; when there are 5,000 free adult males, a legislature may be elected and a delegate chosen for Congress; when the total population is 60,000 a constitution may be written and submitted for approval, if approved the territory may be admitted as a state |
| Mayflower Compact | principles of government for the new colony |
| Dred Scott v. Sandford | people of African ancestry should not be included as "citizens" in the Constitution and therefore, can not claim the same rights as citizens of the United States; this ruling held that slaves were "property" - contributed to the tensions leading to the Civil War |
| Plantation Agriculture | Climate in the South allowed planters to raise profitable cash crops |
| Events of the American Revolution | first shots fired at Lexington and Concord, the turning point of the war at Saratoga when the French became allies and the British surrender at Yorktown |
| Elizabeth Cady Stanton | believed in equal rights for women, opposed the 15th Amendment because it continued to exclude women from voting |
| Mayflower Compact | 1620 document that was signed by male members of the community to establish a government for settlers at Plymouth |
| Representative Government | people elect officeholders, officeholders will make laws, officeholders conduct government on behalf of the people |
| Samuel Morse | created the telegraph in the mid 1800s, which greatly improved communication |
| Three-Fifths Compromise | an issue at the Constitutional Convention concerning slavery and how slaves would be counted for determining representation, as well as deciding if they should count in a state's share of federal taxes |
| Andrew Jackson | 7th President of the United States, his policy toward Native Americans consisted of removing and relocating them to a reservation - forced the Cherokees to move to territory west of the Mississippi |
| Battle of Vicksburg | Civil War battle that split the Confederacy in two, giving the Union complete control of the Mississippi River |
| Patrick Henry | Anti-Federalist who opposed ratification of the U.S. Constitution because he thought it did not sufficiently guarantee individual rights |
| Amendment of the U.S. Constitution | proposed by Congress with a two-thirds vote in both houses + ratified by the legislatures of three-fourths of the states |
| Battle of Saratoga | turning point of the American Revolution - the French became allies with the U.S. - helping to defeat the British |
| Robert E. Lee | graduated from West Point, fought in the Mexican War, leader of Confederate troops, defeated Union troops at Chancellorsville and Fredericksburg, surrendered at Appomattox Court House |
| Washington's Farewell Address | warned Americans to avoid foreign alliances, avoid debt and recognize the danger of creating political parties |
| Agriculture | another word for "farming" |
| 13th Amendment | Abolished slavery |
| 14th Amendment | Rights of Citizens, all persons born in the U.S. are citizens |
| 15th Amendment | voting rights, all males can vote and shall not be denied based on race, color or previous condition of servitude |
| Thomas Paine | Revolutionary writer and philosopher, who wrote Common Sense and a series of essays, Crisis |
| Samuel Adams | Leader of the Sons of Liberty |
| Horace Mann | supporter of the public school system, believed education is the key to fixing society |
| Abolitionist | Anti-Slavery, against the owning of slaves |
| Industrial Revolution | Steam Power; Rise in Immigration; Technological Innovations; Economic Growth; Inexpensive goods; child labor were all factors contributing to the... |
| Separation of Powers | Legislative Branch makes the laws; Executive Branch enforces the laws; Judicial Branch interprets the laws |
| Factors leading to the American Revolution | Stamp Act; Boston Massacre; Tea Act; Intolerable Acts |
| Freedom of Speech | ensures all parts of society has a voice |
| Virginia Plan | Representation based on a state's population |
| New Jersey Plan | Equal representation for each state |
| Great Compromise | House of Representatives will be based on state's population and Senate will have equal representation for each state |
| Magna Carta | document influenced the U.S. Bill of Rights, stating no free man shall be seized or imprisoned...except by the lawful judgement of his equals or by the law of the land |
| Formation of Political Parties | developed due to disagreement over the issues of the National Bank, interpretation of the Constitution and Agriculture v. Manufacturing |
| Common Sense | this paper criticized King George III for his support of the French and Indian War, urged the colonies to declare independence |
| Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo | gives land (Mexican Cession) to the United States after the Mexican-American War |
| Proclamation of 1763 | King George III established the Appalachian Mountains as a boundary for western settlement |
| Marbury v. Madison | established the principle of Judicial Review |
| Articles of Confederation | the citizens feared a strong central government, so Congress was denied the powers to tax and regulate trade - this failed miserably |
| Interchangeable Parts | machine made parts that were identical, making for easy repairs/replacement of factory machines, saving time and money |
| Triangular Trade | colonial trade route between New England, the West Indies and Africa exchanging raw materials (fish, lumber, tobacco) for manufactured goods (guns, textiles) |
| Trail of Tears | forced journey of the Cherokee Indians from Georgia to a region west of the Mississippi during which thousands of Cherokees died |
| Bill of Rights | the first 10 amendments to the Constitution: freedom of speech, press, religion, petition and assembly; right to bear arms; no quartering of soldiers; search and seizure; rights of the accused; right to speedy trial; jury trial; bail and punishment; power to people; power to state |
| Eli Whitney | invented the cotton gin, which greatly benefited the plantation owners, making harvesting of cotton easier and more efficient |
| Puritans | religious group that came to America to establish their own communities, began with Massachusetts Bay Colony |
| Robert Fulton | invented the steam boat, which changed transportation - making it faster and making manufactured goods more accessible |
| Frederick Douglass | African- American Abolitionist, published The North Star, an anti-slavery newspaper |
| William Lloyd Garrison | White Abolitionist, wrote The Liberator, an anti-slavery newspaper and formed the New England Anti-Slavery Society |
| Thomas Jefferson | Author of the Declaration of Independence, 3rd President of the United States, purchased the Louisiana Purchase in 1803 |
| Unalienable Rights | rights possessed by all people - Life, Liberty and the Pursuit of Happiness |
| Elizabeth Cady Stanton | best known for supporting reform movements: women's suffrage (voting), temperance and abolition |
| Temperance Movement | Against alcohol and all its evils |
| Suffrage | Voting |
| McCulloch v. Maryland | states had no right to intefere with federal institutions within their borders |
| Gibbons v. Ogden | the federal government could regulate trade between states |
| Appomattox Court House | Virginia town that was the site of the Confederate surrender in 1865 |
| Checks and Balances | principle that the United States Constitution safeguards against abuse of power by giving each branch of government the power to check the other branches |
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