World War 2
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Created by:
mmctaggart15 on March 7, 2011
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79 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Adolf Hitler | -Chancellor and later Fuhrer of Germany -Leader of the Nazi Party -Facist dictator -believed in a master race -architect of the Holocost |
| Germany after WWI | 1. Unemployment 2. Anger of veterans 3. Ill-equiped worforce 4. Obsolete machinary 5. Ill- trained people 6. food shortages 7. unsteady government 8. shortages of raw materials |
| Kaiser Wilhelm | 1. Germany's last Kaiser 2. forced to resign on Novemeber 9, 1918 |
| Freikorps | 1. private German paramilitary groups 2. first appeared after WWI 3. Made up of ex-soldiers and unemployed youth 4. nationalistic and radically conserative |
| Nazism | a form of socialism featuring racism and expansionism |
| Rhineland | the demilitarized buffer zone along the River Rhine |
| Anschluss | a plotical union of Austira with Germany, achieved by the annexation of Adolf Hitler in 1938 |
| Anti-Semitism | hositolity towards or discrimination towards Jews as a religous or "race" |
| Nuremberg laws | anti-semitic laws passed by the Nazis, limited the right of Jews |
| Munich Conference | (1938) Meeting at which a settlement was reached between Germany, France, Great Britain, and Italy permitting German annexation of Czechoslovakia's Sudetenland |
| Sudetenland | Sections of Northern and Western Bohemia and northern Moravia around the Sudeten mountain ranges; incorporated into Czechoslovakia after WWI |
| Appeasement | the policy of giving in to an agressor nation in hopes of avoiding war |
| Benito Mussolini | Facist dictator in Italy during WWII |
| Facism | the philophosy of government that stresses 1.the importance and glory of the state 2. unquestioning obedience to its leader 3. subordination of the individual's will to the state's authority 4. harsh suppresion of dissapproval |
| black shirts | followers of Benito Mussoloni |
| Hideki Tojo | military dictator of Japan during WWII |
| Rome-Berlin-Tokyo Axis | alliance between the dictators of Italy, Germany, and Japan during WWII |
| Joseph Stalin | vicious dictator of the USSR |
| Totalitarian State | form of government that supports all aspects of its citizens lives to the authority of the state, with a single leader as the ultimate authority |
| Communism | political theory that promotes community ownership of all property, the benefits of which are to be shared according to the needs of each |
| non-aggression pact | agreement between the Soviet Union and Germany that promised "non-agression"; violated by Germany in 1941 |
| Ukrainian stravation | severe artificial famine in 1932-1933 under Joseph Stalin; more than 5 million Ukrainians died from stravation during this |
| Fransico Franco | Military dictator of Spain during WWII |
| Why could Hitler gain absolute power in Germany in 1929-1934? | 1. Nations wanted to avoid another world war 2. Conditions in Germany 3. Political appeasement |
| Europe's Appeasement refering to Hitler | 1. desired to avoid war 2. hope that Hitler would stop invading other lands if he was given that land |
| Faceism/Communism | -Faceism believes in class distinctions and private ownership -Communism believes in a classless society in which all property is shared -Both lead to totalitarian staes -both are single party systems |
| Isolationism | national policy of avoiding political or econmic involvment with other countries |
| Neutrality Act 1935 | prevented econmic or military aid to any countries involved in European disputes |
| Manhattan Project | US research project that produced the first atomic bomb |
| Lend-Lease Act | system designed by FDR; allowed him to give help to US allies in WWII |
| Atlantic charter | joint declaration issued on August 14, 1941, during WWII, by Winstoon Churchill and FDR |
| Winston Churchill | Prime Minister of the United Kingdom during WWII |
| FDR | president of the US during WWII |
| The 4 freedoms | Part of the Atlantic Charter 1. freedom of speech 2. freedom from want 3. freedomof religion 4. freedom from fear of physical aggression |
| Reasons for US neutrality during WWII | 1. Great Depression 2. unemployment 3. desire to avoid war |
| Blitzkrieg | military tatic used by Germany in WWII; designed to create shock and disorganization in enemy forces through the use of suprise, speed, and superiority; involved the cordination of air and groud forces; means "Lighting War" |
| Neutrality Act 1937 | Amended the neutrality act of 1935 and made it permanent |
| Selctive Service Act | The first peace-time draft in US history; required all American males between 21 and 35 years of age to register for the draft |
| Rationing | Regulating quantities of scare items during times of war |
| Interment camps | Created by Executive Order 9066 on February 26, 1942; also called relocation centers in California, Idaho, Utah, Arizona, Wyoming, Colorado, and Arkansas |
| Dunkirk | French seaport that was the site of the evacuation of British Expeditionary Rorce and other Allied troops, cut off by Germany |
| Axis Powers | Germany, Japan, and Italy |
| Allied Powers | France, Great Brtiain, the US, China, and the Soviet Union |
| Battle of Britain | series of intense air attacks on Britain by German air force in WWII |
| Erwin Rommel | German army commander in WWII; nicknamed the "desert fox" |
| Operation Torch | codename for Allied invasion of North Africa |
| Tobruk | key port in Libya; site of 3 major of the North Africa campaign |
| Luftwaffe | German air force |
| "The Blitz" | a period of intense bombing of London and other major cities take took place from Sept. 1940 to May 1941 |
| D-Day | Allied invasion of northern Europe during WWII that began on June 6, 1944 - with the largest amphibious landing in history in Normany, France-; also called Normandy invasion or Operation Overlord |
| Battle of the Bulge * | the last Germany offensive on the western front; an unsuccessful attempt to divide the Allied forces and protect Germany from invasion |
| V-E Day | May 8, 1945; marks the formal celebration of the Allies' victory in Europe during WWII |
| Importance of the North Africa campaign | 1. large scale conflict 2. severly weakened Germany's efforts elsewhere 3. serious defeat for the Axis power 4. Allowed the Allies to enter Italy via Sicily |
| Douglas MacArther | army general who commanded US forces in the south Pacific in WWII |
| Chester Nimitz | naval commander in chief of the US Pacific fleet during WWII |
| Battle of Midway | major WWII naval battle between US and Japan |
| Guadalcanal | scene of prolonged fighting between US and Japanese forces (1942-43); which resulted in the Allied capture of a Japanese air base |
| Island Hopping | strategy used in the Pacific Theater during WWII. It involved capturing key islands and skipping other in order to cut supply lines and use as bases of attack |
| Iwo Jima and Okinawa | last 2 Japanses outposts in the Pacific; site of a bloody battle in 1945; marked by the use of kamikaze pilots by the Japanese |
| Hiroshima | Japanese city destroyed by an atomic bomb on June 6, 1945; marked the first use of nuclear weapon in war |
| Nagasaki | Japanese city destroyed by an atomic bomb; marked the first use of nuclear weapons used in war |
| V-J Day | September 12, 1945, stands for victory over Japan |
| Causes of Pearl Harbor | 1. Japanese aggresion in the Pacific 2. US embargo on Japan 3. Japanese desire for land, marketing, and resources |
| Effect of Pearl Harbor | -brough US into WWII |
| Office of Price Administration | US federal agency during WWII, established to prevent wartime inflation; issued a general maxium- price regulation that made prices charged in March 1942 the ceiling prices for most items |
| Black market | selling things that you shouldn't have because the country needs them or they are illegal; these items are rare and expensive |
| war bonds | a type of savings bond used by nations to help fund war effort |
| Nuremberg Trials | trials of former Nazi Party Leaders held in Nuremberg, Germany |
| International Military Tribunal (Far East) | a council of Alllied powers that was more for revenge than justice |
| United Nations | International organization established at the end of WWII; designed to "save succeeding generations from the scourge of war.... reaffirm faith in fundemental human rights, in the dignity and worth of the human person, in equal rights of men and women and of nations large and small, to establish conditions under which justice and respect for the obligations arising from treaties and other international law can be maintained, and promote social progress and better standards of life in larger freedom" |
| "Iron Curtain" | term made popular by Winston Churchill; refered to the boundary which smybolically and philosophyically divided Europe into 2 separate ares (communsit and democratic) from the end of WWII to the end of the Cold War |
| Effect of war with Japan on Japanese-Americans | 1. Interment camps 2. Loss of property 3. Loss of civil rights 4. discrimination |
| Casablanca, Morocco | January 1943; first war confernece between Allied powers; purpose: it took steps towards planning the allied strategy and the end of the war; outcome: Roosevelt and Chruchill approved the policy of unconditional surrender of the Axis powers |
| Quebec, Canada | August 1943; outcome: D-day invasion details set; East Asia Command was organized; agreement was reached on the sharing of nuclear research |
| Cairo, Egypt | November 1943; purpose: discussion of operations in Burma and China |
| Tehran, Iran | November 1943; puropse: discussion of the Allied invasion of Normandy and southern France; agreement for Russia to declare war on Japan once the Germans were defeated |
| Bumbarton Oaks, Washington D.C. | August 1944; purpose: to lay out the structure of the United Nations |
| Yalta, USSR | February 1945; purpose: to discuss the future frontier of Poland and the division of of Germany into four occupation zones |
| Potsdam, Germany | July 1945; puropse: to discuss the future of Europe and the final defeat of Japan. Outcome: Potsdam declaration issued- demanded the unconditional surrender of Japan |
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