Trade Spreads Indian Religions and Culture
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Created by:
gustavodepaulo on March 7, 2011
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Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 hinduism, buddhism | by 250 bc, _______ and _______ were india's 2 main faiths |
| priests | hinduism became completely dominated by _______ |
| self denial | the buddhist idea of ___ ______ proved difficult for many to follow |
| nirvana | the buddha had stressed that each person could reach a state of peace called _______. this was achieved by rejecting the sensory world and embracing spiritual discipline |
| god | although the buddha had forbidden people to worship him, some began to teach that he was a ___ |
| buddhas | some buddhists also began to believe that many people could become _______ |
| bodhisattvas | potential buddhas. could choose to give up nirvana and work to save humanity through good works and self sacrifice |
| mass religion | the new ideas changed buddhism from a religion that emphasized individual discipline to a ____ ________ that offered salvation to all and allowed popular worship |
| mahayana | those who accepted new buddhist doctrines belonged to the _________ sect |
| theravada | those who held to the buddha's stricter, original teachings belonged to the __________ sect |
| hinayana | another name for theravada |
| art | new trends in buddhism inspired indian ___ |
| stupas | wealthy buddhist merchants who were eager to do good deeds paid for the construction of _______ - mounded stone structures built over holy relics |
| meditation | buddhas walked the paths circling the stupas as part of their ___________ |
| temples | merchants commissioned the carving of cave ________ out of solid rock. |
| sacrifices | by the time of the mauryan empire, hinduism had developed a complex set of __________ that could be performed only by the priests. |
| monotheism | gradually, hinduism changed. a trend toward ____________ was growing |
| brahma | creator of the world |
| vishnu | preserver of the world |
| shiva | destroyer of the world |
| vishnu, shiva | out of the 3 gods, ______ and _____ were by far the favorites. |
| kalidasa | one of india's greatest writers, maybe the court poet for chandra gupta ii. worte shakuntala |
| shakuntala | by kalidasa, about a beautiful girl who falls in love and marries a middle age king. they are separated, then suffer from a curse which prevents them from recognizing each other. |
| skillfully | generations of indians have continued to admire kalidasa's plays because they are __________ written and emotionally stirring |
| madurai | southern india also has a rich literary tradition. in the 2nd century ad, the city of _______ in southern india became a site of writing academies. more than 2000 tamil poems from this period still exist. |
| drama | in addition to literature, _____ was very popular. in southern india, traveling troupes of actors put on performances in cities across the region. |
| astronomy | because sailors on trading ships used the stars to help them figure their position at sea, knowledge of __________ increased. |
| time | from greek invaders, indians adapted western methods of keeping ____. they began to use a calendar based on the cycles of the sun rather than the moon. |
| gupta empire | during the ______ ______, knowledge of astronomy increased further. |
| lunar eclipse | indian astronomers proved that the earth was round by observing a _____ _______. during it, the earth's shadow fell across the face of the moon. the astronomers noted that the earth's shadow was curved. thus, the earth was round |
| numerals, zero, decimal | modern _________, the ____, and the _______ system were invented in india |
| aryabhata | calculated the value of pi to four decimal places. also calculated the length of the solar year as 365.358 days. |
| resources | in addition to knowledge, india has always been rich in precious _________ such as spices, diamonds, sapphires, gold, pearls, and beautiful woods. |
| trade | groups who invaded india after mauryan rule ended helped to expand india's _____ to new regions. |
| silk roads | central asian nomads told indians about a vast network of caravan routes known as ____ _____. they were known as this because traders used them to bring silk from china to western asia and then onto rome |
| middlemen | once indians learned of silk roads, they realized they could make profits by acting as _________ |
| trading stations | to aid their roles as middlemen, indians built _______ ________ along the silk roads |
| coastal routes | traders used _______ ______ around the rim of the arabian sea and along the persian gulf to bring goods from india to rome. |
| spices | traders from southern india would sail to southeast asia to collect ______. they brought them back to india and sold them to merchants from rome. |
| gold | romans were upset about the amount of ____ their country spent on indian luxuries. they believed that to foster a healthy economy, a state must collect ____ rather than spend it |
| african | india imported ______ ivory and gold, and exported cotton cloth |
| arabia | rice and wheat went to ______ in exchange for dates and horses. |
| china | when indian trade with rome went down in the 3rd century AD, sea trade with _____ and the southeast asian islands increased. |
| banking | increased trade led to the rise of _______ in india |
| commerce | _________ was quite profitable |
| interest | _______ rates varied, depending on how risky business was |
| 240 | during mauryan times, the annual interest rate on loans used for overseas trade was ___ percent |
| 15, 20 | during the gupta empire, bankers no longer considered sea trade so dangerous, so they charged only __ to __ percent a year |
| culture | a number of indian merchants went to live abroad and brought indian _______ with them. as a result, people throughout asia adapted a variety of indian traditions |
| thailand, cambodia, java | indian influence was especially strong in these countries |
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