Midterm Review
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Created by:
kalahnabell on March 8, 2011
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Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 A major disadvantage of using biomass for energy is | large land requirements |
| The cheapest and most energy-efficient way to heat a house is super-insulation coupled with | passive solar heating and a high-efficiency natural gas furnace |
| The best way to maintain soil fertility is through | soil conservation |
| The main goals of a dam and reservoir include all of the following, except | clean the water |
| People in developing countries spend how much of their income on food? | 40% |
| Geothermal energy is stored in the form of | dry steam, wet steam, and hot water |
| Compared to the traditional tillage, conservation tillage | reduces fuel and tillage costs |
| Burning oil for transportation produces how much of the world's CO2 emissions? | 43% |
| Heating, cooling, and lighting buildings consumes about _____ of the energy used in modern societies. | one-third |
| The disadvantages of shale oil as an energy source include all of the following, except | Would only supply U.S. needs for about five years |
| Which of the following is not true of nuclear powered electricity generation? | high net energy yield |
| The most effective water heater | is a tankless instant water heater fired by natural gas |
| Which of the following would be a place you would expect to find methane hydrate gas? | Ttundra permafrost |
| The United States uses what percentage of all the oil produced in the world? | 25% |
| Transferring genes between different species that would not interbreed in nature results in | transgenic organisms |
| The term malnutrition refers to people who consume | poor quality foods |
| One method of desalination uses high pressure to force saltwater through a membrane filter. This method is called | reverse osmosis |
| Which of the following is the component of crude oil that is desired? | hydrocarbons |
| Which of the following soil horizons is considered topsoil? | A |
| By 2013 at least 36 U.S. states are likely to face water shortages for all of the following reasons, except | cooling temperatures |
| Slash and burn agriculture is a type of | traditional subsistence agriculture |
| Requiring higher average fuel-efficiency standards would do all of the following, except | cost jobs |
| If the people of the world continue to use our oil reserves at the current rate, we will have to find new reserves, the size of Saudi Arabia's reserves, every _____ years. | 5 |
| What percentage of China's cities are already facing water shortages? | 67% |
| A famine occurs when there is a severe shortage of food potentially accompanied by all of the following, except | low emigration rate |
| Modern synthetic pesticides have several disadvantages including all of the following, except | increase profits for farmers |
| One of the most important characteristics of a pesticide is how long it will stay deadly in the environment, a characteristic called | persistence |
| Because of greatly increased irrigation, Africa's Lake Chad has shrunk by _____% since the 1960s. | 96 |
| All of the following are available to improve water efficiency, except | condensing water vapor from indoor air |
| Throughout the world, the majority of water is used for | irrigation |
| Oil sand is made up of all of the following except | natural gas |
| What percentage of the commercial energy used in the United States is wasted? | 84% |
| Windows designed to capture solar energy in the United States face | south |
| The United States is withdrawing groundwater from aquifers at a rate that is _____ times faster than it can be recharged. | 4 |
| People in the United States spend how much of their disposable income on food? | 2% |
| The geological layer, consisting of underground caverns and porous layers of sand, gravel, or bedrock, where groundwater flows, is called | an aquifer |
| Huge dams have all of the following impacts, except | lessening of fish harvests above the dam |
| Improving energy efficiency does all of the following, except | eliminate excess jobs |
| With industrialized food production, for every one unit of energy put on the table, how many units of nonrenewable fossil fuel energy are required to produce it? | 10 |
| Wind power | is an unlimited source of energy at favorable sites |
| The movement of water in the seas, air, and on land that is driven by solar energy and gravity is called | hydrologic cycle |
| There are four major problems associated with the use of the Colorado River's water. Which one of the following is not one of those problems? | The river gets most of its water from mountain snow melt. |
| If the oil reserves under the Alaska National Wildlife Reserve (ANWR) were the only source of oil for the world, and oil use did not increase, how long would it last? | 6 months |
| Waste from the production of nuclear weapons must be stored for how long before it is safe? | 240,000 years |
| Utilities make money by selling electricity. To make more money, they have often encouraged customers to use even more electricity. This lack of incentive to improve energy efficiency creates a(n) | harmful positive feedback loop |
| Cells that convert solar energy directly into electricity are called | photovoltaic cells |
| In China air pollution is causing as many as _____ premature deaths per year. | 700,000 |
| As the difficulty in obtaining an energy source increases, the net energy ratio __________ and the price __________. | declines; increases |
| Aquifers provide drinking water for how much of the world's population? | 50% |
| Anemia may be the result of a deficiency in | iron |
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