The American Republic, Unit 4, Chapter 9 - The Jefferson Era (1800-1816)
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randomname9 on March 8, 2011
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Test - TOMORROW (Wednesday, 3/9/11)
Classes:
Lincoln Middle School - 8th Grade Lyceum
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56 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Laissez-faire | Policy that government should interfere as little as possible in the nation's economy |
| Custom duties | Tax on foreign imported goods |
| Judicial review | The right of the Supreme Court to determine if a law violates the Constitution |
| Conestoga wagons | Sturdy vehicles topped with white canvas and used by pioneers to move west |
| Secede | To leave or withdraw |
| Thomas Jefferson | Democratic-Republican candidate for president |
| Aaron Burr | Democratic Republican candidate for vice-president |
| 12th Amendment | Brought about by the Jefferson/Burr tie, stated that presidential and vice-presidential nominees would be voted on separate ballots.. Before that time, all of the candidates ran against each other, with the winner becoming president and second-place becoming vice-president. |
| Thomas Jefferson | Who said "We are all Republicans, we are all Federalists"? |
| Albert Gallatin | He was Jefferson's secretary of the treasury. He and Jefferson believed that to pay the interest on debt, there would have to be taxes. They persuaded Congress to repeal all federal internal taxes, including the hated whiskey tax. They also cut the military. |
| John Marshall | Adams' Secretary of State - appointed by Adams to serve as chief justice, and helped establish the practice of judicial review. |
| Judiciary Act of 1801 | Act passed at the very end of Adam's term, which created 16 new judge spots which Adams filled with federalists. These judges known as "midnight judges". |
| Louisiana Territory | Land from the Mississippi River to the Rocky Mountains purchased from France for 15 million dollars. It doubled the size of the US at that time. |
| Toussaint-Louverture | Leader of the rebels in the Santo Domingo revolt. They declared the colony (original/present name: Haiti) in the Caribbean as an independent republic apart from France (Napoleon Bonaparte), and set up a new government. |
| Lewis and Clark | Sent on an expedition by Jefferson to gather information on the United States' new land and map a route to the Pacific. They kept very careful maps and records of this new land acquired from the Louisiana Purchase. |
| St. Louis | Place where the Lewis and Clark expedition started. |
| Sacagawea | Native American woman that helped Lewis and Clark. |
| Zebulon Pike | One of the explorers into new land from Louisiana Purchase; traveled to Rocky Mountains, and called a mountain Grand Peak.During his expedition, he was captured by the Spanish, but eventuallt released. |
| Aaron Burr | Who challenged Hamilton to a duel, shot and killed him? |
| Marbury v. Madison | The 1803 case in which Chief Justice John Marshall and his associates first asserted the right of the Supreme Court to determine the meaning of the U.S. Constitution. The decision established the Court's power of judicial review over acts of Congress, (the Judiciary Act of 1789). |
| Judiciary Act of 1789 | A law passed by the first Congress to establish the federal court system. The act determined the organization and jurisdiction of the courts. |
| Tribute | money paid for protection |
| Barbary Coast states | In North Africa - name for Tripoli, Tunis, and Algiers. Pirates captured American property, demanded randsom for return. Jefferson refused which caused Tripoli to declare war on US. America won, and Tripoli agreed to stop demanding tribute. The U.S. still had to pay a $60,000 ransom to release American prisoners. |
| Stephen Decatur | U.S. Navy captain. He burned the private-captured ship "Philadelphia" before they could use it. A British admiral praised the deed as the "most bold and darking act of the age." |
| Thomas Jefferson | What Democratic Republican won re-election in 1804, receiving 162 electoral votes to only 14 from the Federalist party? |
| Neutral rights | The right to sail overseas to a region and not take sides in a war of that region. |
| Impressment | The act of forcing people into service, ex. the British navy. |
| British deserters | For impressment, British claimed that many people were __________ in order to grow their navy. |
| Leopard | What British warship intercepted the American vessel the "Chesapeake", demanding a search for British deserters? They ended up capturing 5 soldiers - 4 were natural-born Americans, only one was a British deserter. |
| Embargo Act | 1807 act which ended all of America's importation and exportation. Jefferson hoped the act would pressure the French and British to recognize U.S. neutrality rights in exchange for U.S. goods. Really, however, just hurt Americans and our economy. It got repealed in 1809, when James Madison took office. |
| Embargo | an order prohibiting trade with another country. |
| Nonintercourse Act | After the Embargo Act was repealed, Congress replaced it with this act. It prohibited trade only with Britain and France. It was no more popular or successful than the Embargo Act. |
| Midnight Appointments | Adams signed these commissions for the Federal judges during his last night in office. -Demonstrated the Federalists' last minute attempt to keep some power in the newly Republican Government. One did not get to the person in time - William Marbury's. |
| Constitution | Two of Marshall's opinions of judicial review: ・The _________ is the supreme law of the land. ・When there is a conflict between any law and the _________, the _________ must be followed. |
| Judicial Branch | One of Marshall's opinions of judicial review: ・The _________ has the duty to uphold the Constitution, and just be able to determine when any federal law conflicts with the Constitution, and to nullify unconstitutional laws. |
| Louisiana Territory | Jefferson worried that France would colonize the _________. |
| Robert Livingston | U.S. ambassador to France; sent by Thomas Jefferson to negotiate on buying New Orleans + West Florida for $10 Million. |
| James Monroe | Jefferson authorized _________ to begin talks with Britain about forming an alliance against France. |
| Louisiana Territory | What is the span of land called that stretches from: ・Canada to the Gulf of Mexico ・Mississippi River to the Rocky Mountains |
| Lewis and Clark Expedition | (1804-1806) An expedition commissioned by Jefferson to map and explore the Louisiana Purchase region. Beginning at St. Louis, Missouri, the expedition travelled up the Missouri River to the Great Divide, and then down the Columbia River to the Pacific Ocean. It produced extensive maps of the area and recorded many scientific discoveries, greatly facilitating later settlement of the region and travel to the Pacific coast. |
| Sacagawea | A Native American that belonged to the Shosone tribe that helped Lewis and Clark on their journey. She translated for them, and also acted as a "shield", because natives would not harm another native woman and baby (she brought her child with her) |
| They surpassed the U.S. borders | What did Lewis and Clark do that became a conflict between the U.S. and foreign powers? |
| Continental System | (French) Napoleon's attempt to destroy Britain's economy - closed European ports to the import of British goods. |
| Orders in Council | (Britain) Response to French's Continental System. Required that all neutral ships to stop at a British port, and pay tariffs. |
| Tecumseh | Native leader that calls for unity. |
| The Prophet | Nickname of Tecumseh's brother |
| War Hawks | Democratic-Republican Southerners and Westerners who were eager for war with Britain. They had a strong sense of nationalism, and they wanted a bigger military to take over British land in North America and expand. |
| Henry Clay and John Calhoun | Who led the War Hawks? |
| William Henry Harrison | Who attacked Prophetstown, and won? |
| Prophetstown | Town founded by Tecumseh and his brother, the Prophet. It is located at the where the Tippecanoe and Wabash Rivers. |
| Battle of Tippecanoe | Battle between Americans and Native Americans. Tecumseh and the Prophet attempted to oppress white settlement in the West, but defeated by William Henry Harrison. Led to talk of Canadian invasion and served as a cause to the War of 1812. |
| Lake Champlain, Chesapeake Bay, and New Orleans | What were the 3 key points to Britain, in the Battle of 1812? (_________, _________, and _________) |
| Battle of Chippawa | (July 5, 1814) U.S. Victory in the War of 1812, in the North. |
| Battle of Lundy's Lane | (July 25, 1814) U.S. Victory in the War of 1812, in the North. Close to the Battle of Chippawa, and one of the bloodiest battles in the War. |
| Battle of Plattsburgh | Battle where Thomas McDonough defeated the British in the North by cutting the supply line of British troops heading towards Lake Champlain, forcing them to retreat. |
| Thomas McDonough | This general cut the supply line of the British troops heading towards Lake Champlain, forcing them to retreat. |
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