Measures & Measurement

5 Written Questions

1. causes of measurement error
   
   there can be ambiguity in questions, etc
2. an issue for self report measures. changes in responding that occur when people know they are being measured.
   
   2 examples: social desirability, self-promotion
3. a type of reactivity in which research participants present themselves in a positive or socially acceptable way to the researcher
4. observation of a behavior in settings specifically arranged for this
   
   problem: reacitvity
5. using different measures to measure the same thing

5 Matching Questions

1. mistakes in recording
2. observational methods
3. measurement
4. self-report measures
5. transient states of the participant

1. a measures in which individuals are asked to respond to questions posed by an interviewer or on a questionnaire.
   
   two kinds: free format, fixed format
2. b the assignment of numbers to objects or events according to specific rules
3. c research that involves observing behavior and recording those observations objectively
4. d causes of measurement error
   
   experimenters can make mistakes
5. e cause of measurement error
   e.g. different moods, sleep deprived, etc.

5 Multiple Choice Questions

1. what people do
   1. affective self-reports
   2. behavioral self-reports
   3. cognitive self-reports
   4. behavioral measures
2. a means of indirect observation. any internal (biological) process that can be measured directly.
   1. behavioral measures
   2. physiological measures
   3. situational factors
   4. self-report measures
3. 
   1. measurement
   2. guttman scale
   3. reactivity
   4. likert scale
4. how a psychological concept is measured or manipulated. need to be SPECIFIC
   1. behavioral measures
   2. observational methods
   3. operational definition
   4. situational factors
5. the researcher engages in the same activities as the people her or she is observing.
   
   problems: identification with participants may compromise objectivity, ethics
   1. operational definition
   2. converging operations
   3. participant observation
   4. measurement error

5 True/False Questions

1. guttman scale →

   True        False

2. measurement error → the assignment of numbers to objects or events according to specific rules

   True        False

3. semantic differential scale →

   True        False

4. self-promotion → the assignment of numbers to objects or events according to specific rules

   True        False

5. stable attributes of the participant → causes of measurement error
   
   misunderstanding due to stupidity, lack of care, suspicion etc

   True        False