Chapter 13 - Plant Processes
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54 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Photosynthesis | the process by which plants, algae, and some bacteria use sunlight, carbon dioxide and water to make food |
| Chorophyll | a green pigment that catures light energy for photosynthesis |
| Cellular Respiration | the process by which cells use oxygen to produce energy from food |
| Stoma | one of many openings in a leaf or a stem of a plant that enable gas exchange to occur |
| Transpiration | the process by which plants release water vapor into the air through stomata |
| Dormant | describe the inactive state of a seed or other plant part when conditions are unfavorable to growth |
| Tropism | the growth of all or part of an organism in response to an external stimulus, such as light |
| The loss of water from leaves is called ___. | transpiration |
| A plant's response to light or gravity is called a ___. | tropism |
| ____ is a green pigment found in plant cells. | chlorophyll |
| To get energy from the food made during photosynthesis, plants use ___. | cellular respiration |
| A ____ is an opening in the epidermis and cuticle of a leaf. | stoma |
| An inactive seed is ___. | dormant |
| ____ is the process by which plants make their own food | photosynthesis |
| During gas exchange in plants ___. | oxygen and water exit while carbon dioxide enters the leaf. |
| Plants often respond to light from one direction by ___. | bending toward the light |
| List three ways plants reproduce asexually. | runners, tubers, planetlets |
| Which gas is most important ot plants? | carbon dioxide |
| Plants make the sugar ____ from carbon dioxide and water. | glucose |
| The pigment in plants that absorbs light energy is called ___. | photosynthesis |
| A waxy coat that protects the plants from water loss. | cuticle |
| an opening in a leaf's epidermis. | stoma |
| Double doors for a stoma. | guard cells |
| The loss of water from leaves. | transpiration |
| The base of nearly all food chains on earth is formed by ___. | photosynthetic organisms |
| The largest most diverse group of plants is the ____. | flowering plants |
| When pollen is moved from anthers to sigmas, __________ takes place. | pollination |
| When sperm fuses with the egg inside an ovule, _____ takes place. | fertilization |
| After fertilization takes place, the ___ develops into a seed. | ovule |
| After fertilization takes place, the ____ becomes a fruit. | ovary |
| above ground stems from which new plants can grow | runners |
| tiny plants that grow alongthe edges of a plant's leaves and fall off and grow on their own | plantlets |
| underground stems from which new plants can grow | tubers |
| Why are most plants green? | chlorophyll reflects more wavelengths of green light than those of other colors |
| The light energy captured by chlorophyll is used during photosynthesis to produce ___. | glucose |
| The gas given off during photosynthesis is ____. | oxygen |
| Plants store extra glucose as sucrose, another sugar, or ____. | starch |
| What happens during photosynthesis? | plants store light energy as chemical energy |
| What are the byproducts of photosynthesis? | oxygen gas and sugar |
| To sprout, a seed needs ___ | water, air, and warmth |
| Another word for sprouting is ___. | germination |
| Plant growth toward a stimulus is called a ___. | positive tropism |
| Plant growth away from a stimulus is a ___. | negative tropism |
| Plant growth in response to a stimulus is a ____. | tropism |
| Change in direction of plant either toward or away from light | phototropism |
| Change in the direction a plant grows caused by gravity. | gravitropism |
| Plantsthat flower when night length is long are called ___. | short-day plants |
| Plants that flower when night length is short are called ___. | Long-day plants |
| Type of tree that loses all of its leaves around the same time each year | deciduous tree |
| type of tree that keeps its leaves year round | evergreen tree |
| Before falling off, leaves of diciduous trees may ___. | change color |
| In fall, green chlorophyll in leaves ___. | breaks down |
| Without chlorophyll, oragne and yellow pigment in leaves ___. | show through |
| Structure through which sperm travel to reach an ovule | pollen tube |
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