| Term | Definition |
| cynical | distrustful; selfish |
| tyranny | one absolute ruler of a government; abuse of authority |
| falter | to hesitate or waver; to move unsteadily; stumble |
| preeminent | superior; surpassing; outstanding |
| vivacious | lively; animated |
| apathy | absence or suppression of passion, emotion, or exitement |
| obstinate | stubbornly stuck to an opinion; not easily controlled or overcome |
| indefatigable | incapable of being tired out |
| shrewd | keen; piercing; sharp in practical matters |
| perpetual | continuing or enduring forever; everlasting; continuing without interruption or intermission |
| irrepressible | incapable of being repressed or restrained; uncontrollable |
| ignominious | discreditable; humiliating; marked by shame or disgrace |
| impromptu | made or done without previous preparation; suddenly or hastily prepared, made, etc. |
| posthumous | arising, occuring, continuing after one's death; born after the death of a father |
| crucial | critical; extremely important |
| controversy | a prolonged public dispute, debate, or contention; argument concering a matter of opinion |
| pretext | something that is put forward to conceal a true purpose or object; an excuse |
| embolden | to encourage; to make bold or courageous |
| capitulate | to surrender; accept defeat |
| lurk | to lie or wait in concealment, as a person in ambush; to slink, steal |
| countenance | appearance; the look or expression of the face; calm; to approve, support, encourage |
| tumult | a general outbreak, riot, uprising; uproar |
| retinue | the retainers or attendants accompanying a high-ranking person |
| impending | about to happen; imminent; threatening |
| conciliatory | regaining or trying to regain (friendship or goodwill) by pleasant behavior |
| superannuated | too old for use, work, service, or a position; retired for age |
| unanimous | of one mind; in complete agreement; agreed |
| solemn | deeply earnest, serious, and sober; gravely impressive |
| contemptuous | showing or expressing contempt or disdain; scornful |
| pension | a sum of money paid regularly as a retirement benefit or by way of patronage |
| inebriate | to make drunk; intoxicate |
| filial | noting or having the relation of a child to a parent |
| simultaneously | at the same time |