| Term | Definition |
|---|
| amendment | a statement that is added to or revises or improves a proposal or document (a bill or constitution) |
| poll tax | a tax put on African American voters, hoping to disenfranchise them |
| literacy test | a test given to blacks and whites to prove they can read and write before being allowed to register to vote |
| grandfather clause | a provision allowing former confederate soldiers and their male descendants to vote without having to take a literacy test |
| segregation | the practice of keeping people in separate groups based on their race or culture |
| Plessy vs. Ferguson | (1896) the Court ruled that segregation was not discriminatory (did not violate black civil rights under the Fourteenth Amendement); blacks separate but equal |
| lynching | angry mob kills a person by hanging |
| Atlanta Compromise | the speech given by Booker T. Washington at the Atlanta Cotton Expo was known as this compromise; his major philosophy in this was accommodation, not integration; he felt that blacks needed to strive to be totally successful and yet totally separate from the white community |
| suffrage | a legal right guaranteed by the 15th amendment to the US constitution |
| 19th Amendment | amendment to the U.S. Constitution (1920) extended the right to vote to women in federal or state elections |
| Alice Paul | United States feminist (1885-1977), woman who went on a hunger strike after being denied her rights by Woodrow Wilson |
| Carrie Chapman Catt | spoke powerfully in favor of woman's suffrage, worked as a school principal and a reporter, became head of the National American Woman Suffrage, an inspired speaker and a brilliant organizer; devised a detailed battle plan for fighting the war of suffrage |
| WCTU | Women's Christian Temperance Union; Christian women, one the women's special interest groups; focused on temperance; grew into a very radical movement |
| square deal | fair treatment, Teddy Roosevelt's promises for fair and equal treatment for all citizens |
| arbitration | settling a dispute by agreeing to accept the decision of an impartial outsider |
| Meat Inspection Act | law that authorized the Secretary of Agriculture to order meat inspections and condemn any meat product found unfit for human consumption |
| Pure Food and Drug Act | forbade the manufacture, sale or transportation, of food and patent medicine containing harmful ingredients; also required food and med containers to have accurate labels and be inspected |
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