Introduction to Genetics
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25 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Genetics | The scientific study of heredity. |
| Fertilization | The process in sexual reproduction in which male and female reproductive cells join to form a new cell. |
| True-Breeding | A term used to describe organisms that produce offspring identical to themselves if allowed to self-pollinate. |
| Trait | A specific characteristic that varies from one individual to another. |
| Hybrid Gene | The offspring of crosses between parents with different traits. |
| Allele | One of a number of different forms of a gene. |
| Segregation Gamete | The separation of alleles during gamete formation. |
| Probability | The likelihood that a particular event will occur. |
| Punnett Square | A diagram showing the gene combinations that might result from a genetic cross. |
| Homozygous | A term used to refer to an organism that has two identical alleles for a particular trait. |
| Heterozygous | A term used to refer to an organism that has two different alleles for the same trait. |
| Phenotype | The physical characteristics of an organism. |
| Genotype | The genetic makeup of an organism. |
| Independent Assortment | The independent segregation of genes during the formation of gametes. |
| Incomplete Dominance | A situation in which one allele is not completely dominant over another. |
| Codominance | A situation in which both alleles of a gene contribute to the phenotype of the organism. |
| Multiple Alleles | Three or more alleles of the same gene. |
| Polygenic Traits | A trait controlled by two or more genes. |
| Homologous | A term used to refer to chromosomes that each have a corresponding chromosome from the opposite-sex parent. |
| Diploid | A term used to refer to a cell that contains both sets of homologous chromosomes. |
| Haploid | A term used to refer to a cell that contains only a single set of chromosomes and therefore only a single set of genes. |
| Meiosis | The process by which the number of chromosomes per cell is cut in half through the separation of homologous chromosomes in a diploid cell. |
| Tetrad | A structure containing four chromatids that forms during meiosis. |
| Crossing-Over | The process in which homologous chromosomes exchange portions of their chromatids during meiosis. |
| Gene Map | A diagram showing the relative locations of each known gene on a particular chromosome. |
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