Respiratory Considerations
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Created by:
samstewartrvaa on March 10, 2011
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25 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 sympathetic | which nervous system causes bronchodilation? |
| parasympathetic | which nervous system causes pulmonary vasodilation? |
| parasympathetic | which nervous system causes increased respiratory secretions? |
| tidal volume, respiratory rate | what two values do you multiply in order to get minute ventilation? |
| dead space | what factor does the minute ventilation equation of (Vt x RR) not take into consideration? |
| 35 | in the normal unsedated dog, dead space is what percent of their tidal volume? |
| RR x (Vt-Vd) | so what equation would you use to calculate minute ventilation taking dead space into account? |
| diffusion coefficient | term for how soluble a gas is in the blood |
| 20 | CO2 is ____x more soluble than O2 in the blood, therefore it diffuses that much easier and is why patients with hypoxemia might still have a normal PaCO2 level |
| arterial CO2 | because CO2 diffuses so easily, equilibrium is quickly achieved and we can use the alveolar CO2 to assess what? |
| end-tidal CO2 | direct measurement of alveolar CO2 is difficult, so what can we non-invasively measure that is representative of alveolar CO2? |
| no | can we use alveolar O2 to assess arterial O2? |
| 4 | the gradient between alveolar and arterial O2 should normally be about how many mm Hg? |
| V/Q mismatch | an increase in the gradient between alveolar and arterial O2 is a sign of what? |
| 0.8 | ideal V/Q is 1, but what is it for most species? |
| ventilation | what does the V in V/Q stand for? |
| perfusion | what does the Q in V/Q stand for? |
| less than | if there is a shunt, will there be a V/Q ratio greater than or less than 1? |
| greater than | if there is an increase in alveolar dead space, will there be a V/Q ratio greater than or less than 1? |
| 3 | what percent of the total O2 in the blood is dissolved (PaO2) and not bound to hemoglobin? |
| right | will a decrease in hemoglobin's affinity for O2 cause a left or right shift in the oxyhemoglobin dissociation curve? |
| right | will increased CO2 cause a left or right shift in the oxyhemoglobin dissociation curve? |
| left | will an increased pH (basic) cause a left or right shift in the oxyhemoglobin dissociation curve? |
| blood gas analysis | what is the gold standard for evaluating ventilation and oxygenation? |
| low inspired O2 concentration, hypoventilation, V/Q mismatch, right to left anatomic shunt, diffusion impairment | 5 causes of hypoxemia |
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