Ch. 22

5 Written Questions

1. Lymphatic trunks join to these which connect to large veins. Right lymphatic duct joins to right thoracic vein, drain right side of upper body. Thoracic duct drains from right side of body inferior to thorax and entire left side of the body
2. ...
3. Most lymphocyte activation involves glycoproteins of cell surfaces called MHC molecules
4. fluid balance (exess insterstitial fluid enters lymphatic capillaries and becomes lymph), fat absorption (from the digestive tract), defense (microorganisms and foreign substances filtered from lymph by nodes and blood by spleen)
5. Found in lymph nodes and the spleen as well as areas of the intestinal tract (Peyer's patches are aggregations of lymphatic nodules in the intestine and the appendix)

5 Matching Questions

1. Spleen rupture
2. Foreign antigens
3. Lymph capillaries
4. Innate immunity cells
5. Lymphatic trunks

1. a take up fluid that is not taken up again by blood capillaries from interstitial spaces. Of 30 liters of fluid/day that passes, 3 liters is taken up by lymphatic system
2. b in traumatic abdominal injuries resulting in bleeding, shock, and death
3. c Not produced by body, introduced from outside
4. d nuetrophils and macrophages (both phagocytes), monocytes (become macrophages), basophils (motile, produce inflammation), mast cells (non motile, produce inflammation), eosinophils (inhibits inflammation), natural killer cells (lyses tumor and virus infected cells)
5. e Lymphatic vessels converge to form these larger vessels, each drains a major portion of the body. Jugular- head and neck,; subclavian- upper limbs, superficial thoracic wall, and mammary glands; bronchomediastinal- thoracic organs and deep thoracic wall; intestinal-abdominal organs; lumbar- lower limbs, pelvic and abdominal walls, pelvic organs, kidneys, adrenal glands

5 Multiple Choice Questions

1. Mechanical mechanisms- Prevent entry or remove microbes, Chemical mediators- kill microorganisms and promote inflammation, Cells- Involved in phagocytosis and production of chemicals, inflammation
   1. Stimulants for adaptive immunity
   2. Adaptive (specific) immunity
   3. Innate (nonspecific resistance) immunity
   4. Chemical mediators of innate immunity
2. Non-encapsulated lymph tissue. Numerous in loose connective tissue of digestive, respiratory, urinary, reproductive/genitourinary tracts (diffuse lymphatic tissue, lymphatic nodules, tonsils)
   1. Lymphatic tissue
   2. Functions of lymphatic system
   3. Mucosa associated lymphoid tissue (MALT)
   4. Secondary lymphatic organs
3. 450 found throughout body, 70 in head and neck, 30 axillary nodes, 100 thoracic nodes, 230 abdominopelvic nodes, 20 inguinal and popliteal nodes
   1. Lymphatic ducts
   2. Lymphatic nodules
   3. Lymphatic trunks
   4. Lymph node count
4. accomplished by cytokines released from cells and by molecules attached to the surface of cells (lymphokines). Can act as a signil stimulating response from one cell or hold cells together
   1. Costimulation
   2. Immunity
   3. Positive selection
   4. Eosinophils
5. Surface of lymphocyte that combines with antigenic determinant. T-cell receptor made of two polypeptide chains, a variable region and a constant region (page 800). B-cell receptors made of four polypeptide chains with two identical variable regions (page 809)
   1. Antibodies
   2. Antigenic determinants
   3. Antigenic receptors
   4. Spleen rupture

5 True/False Questions

1. Chemical mediators → Innate immunity. Complement (20+ proteins that circulate in blood inactively and become activated in cascade form of classical or alternative pathway) or interferons (prevent viral replication)

   True        False

2. Adaptive immunity → Involves the ability to recognize, respond to, and remember a particular substance

   True        False

3. Types of inflammation → Local- Symptoms are redness, heat, swelling, pain, loss of function. Systemic- Symptoms are; increase in neutrophil numbers, fever, and even shock if vascular permeability causes enough fluid loss

   True        False

4. Adaptive (specific) immunity → Specificity- Ability to recognize a particular substance. Memory- Ability to remember previous encounters with a particular substance and respond rapidly

   True        False

5. Primary lymphatic organs → lymphatic tissues, tonsils, lymph nodules, lymph nodes, spleen. Where lymphocytes produce an immune response

   True        False