Week 25 APUSH
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Created by:
coachkhelms on March 11, 2011
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Great Depression and New Deal
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42 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 FDR | President during Great Depression and WWII, most known for social and economic reforms (New Deal) and strong diplomatic rule during WWII |
| Brain Trust | Group of expert policy advisors who worked with FDR in the 1930s to end the Great Depression. |
| New Deal | Term used to describe President Franklin Roosevelt's relief, recovery, and reform programs designed to combat the Great Depression |
| Speculation | risky buying and selling of stocks in the hope of making a quick profit- Cause of the Stock Market Crash |
| 20th amendment | reduce the amount of time between the election of the President and Congress and the beginning of their terms. |
| Emergency Banking Relief Act | four-day banking holiday to create controlled inflation, followed by reopening of sound banks, and reorganization of unsound banks |
| Farm Credit Administration (FCA) | provided low-interest farm loans and mortgages to prevent forclosures on the property of indebted farmers |
| Home Owners Loan Corporation (HOLC) | As part of the Hundred Days that understood the nation's tragedy of foreclosed mortgages, refinanced American home mortgages. This effort allowed one-fifth of all U.S. mortgages to become refinanced which would prevent another Great Depression |
| Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC) | An independent federal agency created by Glass-Steagall Reform Act. It insures up to $100,000 for bank deposits, thus helping put faith back into the banks. |
| Civilian Conservation Corp (CCC) | Provided employment to young men by sending them to camps in national parks and forests - plant trees, build reservoirs, etc. |
| Federal Emergency Relief Administration (FERA) | New Deal Program similar to unemployment-relief efforts of the Reconstruction Finance Corporation (RFC) set up by Herbert Hoover and the U.S. Congress in 1932. It was established as a result of the Federal Emergency Relief Act of 1933. Was the first direct-relief operation under the New Deal, and was headed by Harry L. Hopkins, |
| Civil Works Adminstration (CWA) | New Deal progam that gave American jobs and raised the hopes of the American people and sparked great enthusiasm for the new president 4 million jobs; 40,000 schools; paid 50,000 schoolteachers; built half million miles of roads |
| National Youth Administration (NYA) | established by WPA to reduce competition for jobs by supporting education and training of youth |
| Home Owners' Loan Corporation HOLC | Helped home-owners and mortgage companies. government payed companies for the home-owners so they could keep their homes and pay off w/ lower interest and longer time. |
| Public Works Administration | 1935 Created for both industrial recovery and for unemployment relief. Headed by the Secretary of Interior Harold L. Ickes, it aimed at long-range recovery and spent $4 billion on thousands of projects that included public buildings, highways, and parkways. |
| National Housing Act | 1934 , June 28, 1934- It created the Federal Housing Administration (FHA) and the Federal Savings and Loan Insurance Corporation. It was designed to stop the tide of bank foreclosures on family homes, it instead gave loans |
| WPA | Led by Harry Hopkins; it had a budget of approximately $5 billion for emergency relief; Hopkins put the unemployed on the federal payroll so they could meet their basic needs; hired people to assist in construction and conservation projects, preserved the skills of artists/actors/writers; still, the program didn't provide enough money to help that stagnant economy |
| Agricultural Adjustment Act | restricted crop production to reduce crop surplus; goal was to reduce surplus to raise value of crops; farmers paid subsidies by federal government; declared unconstitutional by the Supreme Court in US vs Butler on January 6, 1936 |
| Commodity Credit Corporation | important tool for stabilizing prices in late 1933 |
| National Recovery Administration | Government agency that was part of the New Deal and dealt with the industrial sector of the economy. It allowed industries to create fair competition which were intended to reduce destructive competition and to help workers by setting minimum wages and maximum weekly hours. |
| Tennessee Valley Administration | created in 1933 to control flooding in the Tennessee River Valley, provided work for the regions' unemployed and produced inexpensive electric power for the region, part of FDR's hundred days |
| Huey Long | Senator of Louisiana developed "Share Our Wealth" plan which called for taxing heavily the rich to give every American a home and $2500/year. Example of opposition to Roosevelt by those who felt he did not do enough to end the Great Depression. Assasinated in 1935 |
| Francis Townshend | Doctor who thought New Deal did not do enough to help older Americans.he attracted millions of senior citizens with his plan that each citizen over the age of 60 would receive $200 a month |
| Charles Coughlin | Catholic priest who used his popular radio program to criticize the New Deal; he grew increasingly anti-Roosevelt and anti-Semitic until the Catholic Church pulled him off the air. |
| Schecter Poultry vs. U.S. | Court decision that said the government doesn't have control over intrastate commerce -Ends NIRA |
| Second Hundred Days | President encouraged Congress to provide even more relief to farmers and workers. Roosevelt wanted to reach out to the "Forgotten Man". Included old age pensions and even more relief to farmers and workers. |
| National Labor Relations Board | Created by the National Labor Relations Act, also known as the Wagner Act it was created in the 1930's by congressman Wagner who was sympathetic to labor unions. Became an administrative board that gave laborers the rights of self-organization and collective bargaining. |
| Social Security Act | guaranteed retirement payments for enrolled workers beginning at age 65; set up federal-state system of unemployment insurance and care for dependent mothers and children, the handicapped, and public health |
| Revenue Act | 1935 - Increased income taxes on higher incomes and also increased inheritance, large gft, and capital gains taxes. |
| Election of 1936 | 1) Roosevelt (D) vs. Alfred E. Landon 2) Roosevelt won by a landslide, carrying every state except Maine and Vermont |
| Wagner Steagall Act | Gave subsidies for local public housing to improve living conditions for low-income families. |
| Fair Labor Standards Act | established a minimum wage of 40 cents an hour and a maximum workweek of 40 hours for business engaged in interstate commerce |
| Bankhead-Jones Farm Tenant Act | made available rehabilitation loans to shore up marginally profitable farmers and prevent their sinking into tenancy. Made loans to tenants so they could buy their own farms |
| Recession of 1937 | 1) Unemployment suddenly surged after industrial output had stabilized some 2) Roosevelt stopped spending for fear people were too dependent 3) Roosevelt would eventually ask for money for PWA and WPA in '38 |
| Cordell Hull | The Secretary of State who believed that trade was a two-way street, that a nation can sell abroad only as it buys abroad, that tariff barriers choke off foreign trade, and that trade wars beget shooting wars. He was one of the main contributors to the reciprocal trade policy of the New Dealers. (P.802) |
| James Farley | Irish American who worked as Roosevelt's campaign manager |
| John L. Lewis | He was a miner known for creating the United Mine Workers. He helped found the CIO and was responsible for the Fair Labor Standards Act. |
| Henry A. Wallace | FDR;s liberal vice president during most of WWII, dumped from the ticket in 1944 |
| Francis Perkins | was the U.S. Secretary of Labor from 1933 to 1945, and the first woman ever appointed to the US Cabinet. As a loyal supporter of her friend Franklin D. Roosevelt, she helped pull the labor movement into the New Deal coalition. |
| Court Packing | attempt by Roosevelt to appoint one new Supreme Court justice for every sitting justice over the age of 70 who had been there for at least 10 years. Wanted to prevent justices from dismantling the new deal. Plan died in congress and made opponents of New Deal mad |
| Alfred Landon | govenor from kansas who ran for president against Roosevelt in 1936 election; didn't except Social Security Act |
| Henry Morgenthau | Treasury Secretary under FDR favored balancing the budget and cutting spending he believed doing this would reassure business leaders and encourage them to invest in the economy |
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