Radiographic procedures

5 Written Questions

1. Flexion and extension laterals
2. common bile duct
3. The infraorbitomeatal line (IOML)
4. if the finger is positioned so that there is as little OID as possible. Therefore, with only the fourth finger extended in the lateral position, the arm is positioned on the ulnar (medial) surface. This places the finger closer to the IR than if it were positioned radial side down. Excessive magnification distortion is avoided, and better recorded detail is obtained.
5. an RPO position is required. The LAO will also demonstrate the right axillary ribs, but primarily the anterior portion. The RAO position will demonstrate the left anterior axillary ribs, and the LPO will demonstrate the left posterior axillary ribs.

5 Matching Questions

1. The (diarthrotic) sternoclavicular joints are formed by
2. The midsagittal plane
3. In the 15° medial oblique projection of the ankle, the
4. When the hand is pronated and the fingers are extended for a PA projection of the wrist, the wrist
5. Rotation of the chest is evidenced in the following ways:

1. a divides the body into left and right halves.
2. b the medial (sternal) extremities of the clavicles and the clavicular notches of the manubrium (of the sternum). They can be demonstrated in the LAO and RAO positions. The LAO demonstrates the left sternoclavicular joint, while the RAO demonstrates the joint on the right. The patient is obliqued about 15° with the side of interest adjacent to the image recorder
3. c 1. talotibial joint is visualized.
   2. plantar surface should be vertical.
4. d arches and an OID is introduced between the wrist and the cassette. To reduce this OID, the metacarpophalangeal joints should be flexed slightly. This maneuver will bring the anterior surface of the wrist into contact with the cassette.
5. e The distance between the medial aspect of the clavicles and the lateral portion of the vertebral column is asymmetrical, the air-filled trachea is off midline, and the scapulae and air-filled lungs are asymmetric

5 Multiple Choice Questions

1. Barium enema
   1. Which of the following radiologic examinations requires preparation consisting of a low-residue diet, cathartics, and enemas?
   2. Which of the following is (are) accurate positioning or evaluation criteria for an anteroposterior projection of the normal knee?
   3. Which of the following is (are) demonstrated in the AP projection of the thoracic spine?
   4. Which of the following radiographic examinations require the patient to be npo 8 to 10 hours prior to examination for proper patient preparation?
2. Flex the metacarpophalangeal joints
   1. Which of the following statements is (are) true regarding the lateral projection of the lumbar spine?
   2. How can object-image distance (OID) be reduced for a posteroanterior (PA) projection of the wrist?
   3. Which surface of the forearm must be adjacent to the IR to obtain a lateral projection of the fourth finger with optimal recorded detail?
   4. To place the right posterior axillary ribs parallel to the IR,
3. AP shoulder, external rotation
   1. The greater tubercle should be visualized in profile in which of the following?
   2. Esophageal varices are best demonstrated in which of the following positions?
   3. The dorsal decubitus position is obtained
   4. To demonstrate the glenoid fossa in profile, the patient is positioned
4. 1. an endoscope with a cannula placed in the hepatopancreatic ampulla (of Vater) for an ERCP.
   2. a needle or small catheter placed directly in the common bile duct for an operative cholangiogram.
   3. a very fine needle through the patient's side and into the liver for a percutaneous transhepatic cholangiogram.
   4. via an indwelling T-tube for a postoperative or T-tube cholangiogram.
   1. The carpal scaphoid may be demonstrated in the following projections of the wrist:
   2. Free air in the abdominal cavity is best demonstrated in which of the following?
   3. Contrast media may be administered in a variety of manners in cholangiography, including
   4. Rotation of the chest is evidenced in the following ways:
5. 1. A T-tube is in place in the common bile duct.
   2. Water-soluble contrast material is injected.
   3. The patency of biliary ducts is evaluated.
   1. Which of the following statements are true regarding radiographic examination of the acromioclavicular joints?
   2. Which of the following is (are) located on the distal aspect of the humerus?
   3. Which of the following statements is (are) correct with respect to postoperative cholangiography?
   4. Which of the following statements is (are) true with respect to the differences between the male and female bony pelvis?

5 True/False Questions

1. The sternoclavicular joints will be best demonstrated in which of the following positions? → Anterior oblique

   True        False

2. The abdomen is divided anatomically into → nine regions and four quadrants. The region designation is usually used for anatomic studies, while the quadrant designation is most often used to describe the location of a lesion, pain, tumor, or other abnormality. Some of the structures found in the left upper quadrant (LUQ) are the fundus of the stomach, the left kidney and suprarenal gland, and the splenic flexure.

   True        False

3. When viewing the glenoid fossa from the anterior, → it is seen to angle posteriorly and laterally approximately 45°. To view it in profile, then, it must be placed so that its surface is perpendicular to the image recorder. The patient is positioned in a 45° oblique, affected side down, which places the glenoid fossa approximately perpendicular to the image recorder. The arm is abducted slightly, the elbow flexed, and the hand and forearm placed over the abdomen. The CR is directed perpendicular to the glenohumeral joint.

   True        False

4. The 45° oblique position of the lumbar spine is generally performed for demonstration of → the apophyseal joints. In a correctly positioned oblique lumbar spine, "scotty dog" images are demonstrated. The scotty's ear corresponds to the superior articular process, his nose to the transverse process, his eye to the pedicle, his neck to the pars interarticularis, his body to the lamina, and his front foot to the inferior articular process.

   True        False

5. Which of the following statements are true regarding radiographic examination of the acromioclavicular joints? → 1. The procedure is performed in the erect position.
   2. The use of weights helps demonstrate small joint changes.

   True        False