1.
deletion: the loss of all or part of a chromosome
2.
deletions: delete a base
3.
differentiation: becoming specialized in structure and function
4.
duplication: produces an extra copy of all or part of a chromosome
5.
frameshift mutations: shift the "reading frame" of the genetic mutations; insertions and deletions; cause drastic changes
6.
homeobox genes: code for transcription factors that activate other genes that are important in cell development and differentiation
7.
homeotic genes: regulates organs that develop in specific parts of the body
8.
insertions: add a base
9.
inversion: reverses the direction of parts of a chromosome
10.
mutagen: chemical of physical agents in the environment
11.
mutations: heritable changes in genetic information; "to change"
12.
operator: the site where a DNA-binding protein known as the lac repressor can bind to DNA
13.
operon: a group of genes that are regulated together
14.
point mutations: occur at a single point in the DNA sequence; include substitutions, insertions, and deletions
15.
polyploidy: an organism has extra sets of chromosomes
16.
RNA interference: an miRNA silencing complex
17.
substitutions: one base is changed to a different base
18.
translocation: occurs when part of one chromosome breaks off and attaches to another
