Blood Vessels
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39 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Blood Vessels | tubelike structures that carry blood throughout the body |
| Arteries | blood vessels that carry blood away from the heart |
| Veins | blood vessels that carry blood back to the heart |
| Vessel Lumen | Inner space of the vessel |
| Tunica Intima | innermost layer; squamous epithelium surrounded by connective tissue with elastic fibers |
| Tunica Media | middle layer of artery; made up of smooth muscle fibers and thick layer of elastic connective tissue |
| Tunica Externa | outermost tunic, composed of fibrous connective tissue |
| Elastic Arteries | largest type of artery; contains many elastic fibers that allow it to stretch in response to each pulse; close to the heart. |
| Conducting arteries | also known as elastic arteries. Leading the blood to all parts of the body. |
| Muscular arteries | arteries that deliver blood; active in vasoconstriction; thick tunica media. Distribute to all parrts of the body. |
| Arterioles vessels | resistance vessels. These vessels control your blood pressure. |
| Lymphatic System | This system's funtions are (1) to transport tissue fluid to the blood vessels, and (2) to protect the body by removing foreign material such as bacteria from the lymphatic stream and by serving as a cite for lymphocytes "policing of body fluids and lymphocyte multiplication. It is a one-way system that carries lymph only towards the heart. |
| Terminal arteriole | Last vessel before capillaries. They lead up to capillary bed. |
| Precapillary Sphincter | a ring of muscle that contracts to close an opening. Exchange vessels |
| Postcapillary Venule | smallest venule---Form part of microcirculatory exchange unit with capillaries |
| Small veins | smooth muscle cells from a continuous layer. addition of tunica adventiatia made of collagenous connective tissue |
| Continuous Capillaries | capillaries found in skin and muscles; uninterupted lining; held with tight junctions |
| Fenestrated capillaries | secretions enter the circulation through these that contain open spaces between their epithelial cells. Pores, holes |
| Sinusoids | Are like fenestrated capillaries but they have gaps between adjacent endothelial cells and thin or absent basal lamina. |
| Sinusoidal capillaries | leaky capillaries; found only in the liver, bone marrow, lymphoid tissues and some endocrine glands; allow large molecules to pass between blood and surrounding tissues |
| Capillary Beds | Interweaving network that capillaries form |
| Veins | form by venules, blood vessels that carry blood back to the heart |
| Venules | small vessels that gather blood from the capillaries into the veins |
| True Capillaries | exchange vessels; 10-100 per capillary bed |
| Vascular Anastomoses | Interconnections of blood vessels |
| Arterial Anastomoses | When two arteries merge and provide alternative routes of blood supply to a tissue: |
| Collateral Channels | what are vascular anastomoses especially with veins that provide alternative pathways for blood to reach a given body region |
| Arteriovenous Anastomoses | allow arteries to have direct connections w/ veins and bypass the capillary bed when needed |
| Arteriosclerosis | hardening of the arteries |
| Atherosclerosis | condition in which fatty deposits called plaque build up on the inner walls of the arteries |
| Blood Flow | volume of blood that flows through any tissue in a given period of time |
| Blood Pressure | the pressure of the circulating blood against the walls of the blood vessels |
| Blood Viscosity | resistance to flow; thickness/stickiness of blood; fairly constant |
| Total Blood Vessel Length | Resistance directly proportional to length of vessel |
| Blood Vessel Diameter | most important source of resistance |
| Systolic Pressure | the blood pressure (as measured by a sphygmomanometer) during the contraction of the left ventricle of the heart |
| Diastolic Pressure | the blood pressure (as measured by a sphygmomanometer) after the contraction of the heart while the chambers of the heart refill with blood |
| Pulse Pressure | difference between systolic and diastolic pressure |
| Mean Arterial Pressure | Diastolic + 1/3 pulse pressure |
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