Chapter 2
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Created by:
ladygudiva2be on March 13, 2011
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Mid-Term Review
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38 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Protons | positive charge |
| neutrons | neutral |
| electrons | negative charge |
| What are the main 4 elements in the human body? | 1. oxygen 2. carbon 3. hydrogen 4. nitrogen |
| acids | *Electrolytes -sour taste, can dissolve metals, and burn a hole in your rug |
| bases | *Electrolytes - bitter taste -slippery |
| How are acids and bases reflected in a pH? | Based on the number of protons in a solution |
| DNA | Deoxyribonucleic Acid - The genetic material found within the cell nucleus. - Replicates itself before a cell divides -provides instructions for building every protein in body - long double chain |
| RNA | Ribonucleic Acid - located outside the nucleus - "molecule slave" of DNA - carries out orders for protein synthesis -single stranded |
| Organic Compounds | -contain carbon -large bonded molecules -carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, nucleic acids |
| Inorganic Compounds | -lack carbon -small and simple molecule (ex. water, salts, acids, bases) |
| What is the most abundant inorganic compound? | Water |
| Cations | positively charged ions |
| Anions | negatively charged ions |
| What regulates acid/base balance in the body? | hydrogen |
| Amino Acids | an organic compound containing nitrogen, carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen. The building block of proteins. |
| Atomic Number | the number of protons in an atom |
| What are the building blocks of proteins? | Amino Acids |
| Explain acids/bases and the pH scale. | pH 7 is the mid-point of the scale, it's neutral (distilled water, human blood and semen) Anything above 7 is acidic and anything below 7 is basic |
| What is an isotope? | -different atomic form of the same element - contains a different number of neutrons -heavier and unstable - same number of protons and electrons and has the same atomic number but a different atomic weight. |
| lipids (also give a food example) | A large diverse group of organic compounds -Fatty meats, egg yolks, milk, oils -Insoluble in water but dissolves in other lipids -Triglycerides are the most abundant |
| carbohydrates (also give a food example) | -Sugars and Starches and provides a source of food energy for the cells -Contain hydrogen, oxygen, and carbon |
| proteins (also give a food example) | -50% of body is made up of proteins. |
| monosaccharides | -one/simple sugars -glucose -fructose -galactose |
| disaccharides | -double sugars that are formed with 2 simple sugars are joined by synthesis. |
| polysaccharides | -many sugars/ complex -starch |
| glycogen | found in animal tissues and formed the same way as starch. |
| triglycerides | -neutral fats -Either fatty acids or glycerol |
| unsaturated (monosaturated/polyunsaturated | -liquid at room temperature -olive oil -"heart healthy" |
| saturated | -solid at room temerature |
| transfats | oils that have been solidified by addition of hydrogen atoms at sites of double carbon bonds (increases risk of heart attack and includes foods with a longer shelf life) |
| omega-3 fatty acids | decreases the risk of heart disease (fish) |
| phospholipds | -similar to triglycerides and contains phosphorus -energy |
| steroids | -fat soluble -cholesterol (meat, eggs, cheese) |
| cholesterol | most important steroid molecule |
| fibrous (structural) proteins | -provides strength in certain body structures -bones, cartilage, tendons, hair, nails |
| globular (functional) proteins | -mobile -vital in all biological processes -unstable |
| enzyme | a biological catalyst that regulates every chemical reaction within the body |
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