6th grade PASS Review
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156 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Reformation | Movement to reform Catholic church led by Luther |
| Domesticate | To tame animals and crops for human use |
| Justinian's Code | Simplified code of laws in the Byzantine Empire-influenced almost every European law code |
| Cuneiform | Early form of writing in Mesopotamia that used wedge-shaped pictures carved into clay |
| Punic Wars | Between Carthage (Africa) and Rome fought over trade-Rome won all three |
| Confucianism | System of ideas based on reason rather than spirituality, founded in China by Confucius |
| Monotheism | Belief in one god |
| Secular | Interest in worldly rather than religious matters |
| Oligarchy | A government controlled by a small group of leaders (Sparta) |
| Mandate of Heaven | Formal order from heaven to select the Chinese emperor |
| Artisan | Craftsman who makes products by hand |
| Craft | Skill that requires the ability to use the hands and some artistic expression |
| Feudalism | Social/economic system in Middle Ages, based on land and loyalty |
| Dynasty | A line of rulers all from the same family |
| Class System | A social order-groups of people are viewed as superior to others (Usually a pyramid) |
| Republic | The government in which the leader is elected by the citizens |
| Bureaucracy | Appointed officials responsible for different areas of government-think of drawers |
| Monarchy | A government run by a single ruler (king/pharaoh/emperor) |
| Predestination | Belief that no matter what a person does, the outcome of life is already determine by God |
| Humanism | People have value—religion must be balanced with knowledge/reason |
| Islam | Belief in one god, Allah, who has all power and spoke through the prophet, Muhammad |
| Thirty Years War | War between Catholics and Protestants |
| Hunter-Gatherers | Paleolithic people who had no permanent home (nomads)—followed the food source |
| Specialization | Development of new jobs, because of a surplus of food, people could expand into new jobs |
| Civilization | Large group of people and their government, technology, culture and religion |
| Pax Romana | "Roman Peace" Long era of peace and prosperity in Rome |
| Paterfamilias | "father of the family" Head of household in Ancient Rome |
| Vernacular | Every day language |
| Farming Revolution | Most important event in history, allowed people to settle in one place Neolithic-New Stone |
| Pre-history | Period of time before writing |
| Crusades | Expeditions by Christians during the Middle Ages to take back the Holy Land from Muslims |
| Hinduism | Belief in many gods and goddesses who control the forces of nature--India |
| Philosophy | Study of nature and the meaning of life, Greek for "love of wisdom" |
| Shinto | Japanese polytheistic religion valuing nature and ancestors--kami |
| Anarchy | No government at all |
| Tyrant | Ruler who seized power by force (In Greece) |
| Dictator | In ancient Rome, a person who holds complete power on a temporary basis |
| Caste System | Social system in which people have to remain in the class they are born into (India) |
| Merchant | Person who sells goods/ Conducts trade |
| Filial Piety | Children's respect for their parents and other relatives (China) |
| Renaissance | "rebirth" Period of renewed interest in art and learning in Europe |
| Magna Carta | The "Great Charter" signed by King John in 1215; limited the power of the king |
| History | Period of time after the invention of writing |
| Hieroglyphics | Type of Egyptian writing using pictures to represent words or ideas |
| Buddhism | Founded by Siddhartha in India—the way to find truth is to give up worldly desires. |
| Judaism | Early form of belief in one god; roots of Christianity and Islam |
| Polytheism | Belief in many gods |
| Stoicism | Philosophy taught by Zeno in Athens—happiness comes from reason and duty |
| Theocracy | Government run by a leader who claimed to be a god or to represent the gods |
| Democracy | All citizens share in running the government |
| Caesar | Title taken by Roman emperors in honor of Julius Caesar (Octavian/Augustus-1st) |
| Daimyo | Japanese feudal lord who owned land |
| Reformation | Movement to reform Catholic church led by Luther |
| Domesticate | To tame animals and crops for human use |
| Justinian's Code | Simplified code of laws in the Byzantine Empire-influenced almost every European law code |
| Cuneiform | Early form of writing in Mesopotamia that used wedge-shaped pictures carved into clay |
| Punic Wars | Between Carthage (Africa) and Rome fought over trade-Rome won all three |
| Confucianism | System of ideas based on reason rather than spirituality, founded in China by Confucius |
| Monotheism | Belief in one god |
| Secular | Interest in worldly rather than religious matters |
| Oligarchy | A government controlled by a small group of leaders (Sparta) |
| Mandate of Heaven | Formal order from heaven to select the Chinese emperor |
| Artisan | Craftsman who makes products by hand |
| Craft | Skill that requires the ability to use the hands and some artistic expression |
| Feudalism | Social/economic system in Middle Ages, based on land and loyalty |
| Pax Romana | "Roman Peace" Long era of peace and prosperity in Rome |
| Civilization | Large group of people and their government, technology, culture and religion |
| Specialization | Development of new jobs, because of a surplus of food, people could expand into new jobs |
| Hunter-Gatherers | Paleolithic people who had no permanent home (nomads)—followed the food source |
| Thirty Years War | War between Catholics and Protestants |
| Islam | Belief in one god, Allah, who has all power and spoke through the prophet, Muhammad |
| Humanism | People have value—religion must be balanced with knowledge/reason |
| Predestination | Belief that no matter what a person does, the outcome of life is already determine by God |
| Monarchy | A government run by a single ruler (king/pharaoh/emperor) |
| Bureaucracy | Appointed officials responsible for different areas of government-think of drawers |
| Republic | The government in which the leader is elected by the citizens |
| Class System | A social order-groups of people are viewed as superior to others (Usually a pyramid) |
| Dynasty | A line of rulers all from the same family |
| Paterfamilias | "father of the family" Head of household in Ancient Rome |
| Vernacular | Every day language |
| Farming Revolution | Most important event in history, allowed people to settle in one place Neolithic-New Stone |
| Pre-history | Period of time before writing |
| Crusades | Expeditions by Christians during the Middle Ages to take back the Holy Land from Muslims |
| Hinduism | Belief in many gods and goddesses who control the forces of nature--India |
| Philosophy | Study of nature and the meaning of life, Greek for "love of wisdom" |
| Shinto | Japanese polytheistic religion valuing nature and ancestors--kami |
| Anarchy | No government at all |
| Tyrant | Ruler who seized power by force (In Greece) |
| Dictator | In ancient Rome, a person who holds complete power on a temporary basis |
| Caste System | Social system in which people have to remain in the class they are born into (India) |
| Merchant | Person who sells goods/ Conducts trade |
| Filial Piety | Children's respect for their parents and other relatives (China) |
| Renaissance | "rebirth" Period of renewed interest in art and learning in Europe |
| Magna Carta | The "Great Charter" signed by King John in 1215; limited the power of the king |
| History | Period of time after the invention of writing |
| Hieroglyphics | Type of Egyptian writing using pictures to represent words or ideas |
| Buddhism | Founded by Siddhartha in India—the way to find truth is to give up worldly desires. |
| Judaism | Early form of belief in one god; roots of Christianity and Islam |
| Polytheism | Belief in many gods |
| Stoicism | Philosophy taught by Zeno in Athens—happiness comes from reason and duty |
| Theocracy | Government run by a leader who claimed to be a god or to represent the gods |
| Democracy | All citizens share in running the government |
| Caesar | Title taken by Roman emperors in honor of Julius Caesar (Octavian/Augustus-1st) |
| Daimyo | Japanese feudal lord who owned land |
| Serf | Belonged to the land in the Feudal System-gave the lord crops in exchange for protection |
| Knight | A noble warrior who fought on horseback in Medieval Europe—paid to protect lords |
| Archeologist | Scientist who learns about past human life by studying fossils and artifacts |
| Egypt | Nile River flooded regularly—provided rich topsoil, access to travel and trade |
| Greece | Separated by mountains, grew into city-states; developed Democracy |
| Goods | Objects that can be measured, weighed or counted |
| Trade | Business of buying and selling |
| Mercantilism | A country gains power by building up its supply of gold and silver |
| Silk Road | Trade routes between Asia and Europe |
| Narmer | First Pharaoh—united Upper and Lower Egypt into one Kingdom |
| Pericles | Athenian general and politician who strengthened democracy |
| Henry VIII | Split with the Catholic Church to form the Church of England (Anglican Church) |
| Sargon | King of the Akkadians created the first empire in Mesopotamia |
| Samurai | Japanese professional warrior |
| Consul | One of two top government officials in ancient Rome |
| Anthropologist | Scientist who studies the characteristics of humans |
| Mesopotamia | Fertile Crescent-Cradle of Civilization in between the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers |
| China | Huang He River—Shang Dynasty—many mountain ranges and deserts isolated China |
| Economy | Related to decisions on spending and earning money |
| Needs | Goods or services people must have to live |
| Import | To buy from another country |
| Medici | Ruling family in Florence during the Renaissance; made money in banking |
| August Caesar | First emperor of Rome Ushered in the Pax Romana (Roman Peace) |
| Leonardo da Vinci | Italian painter, sculptor and scientist during the Renaissance (Mona Lisa) |
| Hannibal | Carthaginian general who crossed the Alps with elephants to attack Rome—he lost |
| Laozi | Founder of Daoism (give up worldly desires in favor of nature) |
| Pharaoh | King of Egypt— Said to be descended from Re, the sun god |
| Vassal | Noble who promised loyalty to the king in exchange for land in the Feudal System |
| Plebeian | Member of the common people in Ancient Rome |
| City-State | A city and the surrounding countryside that does not belong to a larger unit |
| India | Indus River Valley-subcontinent of Asia-Harrapan Society—monsoon rains |
| Barter | Trading by exchange of goods and services for other goods and services |
| Money/Currency | Object that people agree has value for trade |
| Guild | Medieval business group formed by craftspeople who all make the same goods |
| Export | To sell to another country |
| Alexander the Great | Macedonian king who conquered Mediterranean and the Persian Empire- Spread Greek Culture |
| Constantine | Roman emperor who moved the capitol of Rome to Constantinople |
| Hammurabi | King of Babylon Created a code of laws that limited punishment (Eye for an Eye) |
| Mansa Musa | Greatest King of Mali— Went on a pilgrimage to Mecca |
| Noble Aristocrat | Land owner Belongs to the upper class |
| Untouchable | Lowest level of the caste system in India |
| Patrician | Wealthy landowner and member of the ruling class in Ancient Rome-could hold office |
| Historian | Person who studies and writes about the human past |
| Desert | Land area that gets very little rain |
| Rome | Tiber River—seven hills provided defense—Developed Republican form of Government |
| Market | Place where people buy and sell goods |
| Currency | System of Money |
| Saladin | Egyptian ruler who became the most famous Muslim hero of the Crusades |
| Death Road | Trade route through Sahara Desert to salt and gold mines--controlled by Muslim (Africa) |
| Cincinnatus | Early Roman dictator who gave up power after winning battle in 15 days |
| Johannes Guttenberg | German who invented the printing press |
| Martin Luther | German monk posted the 95 Thesis-started the Protestant Reformation |
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