Chapter 4 Test
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Created by:
tmedinalakers1 on March 13, 2011
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26 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Loess | fertile yellow soil |
| Dikes | earthen walls built along a river to protect from floods |
| Bureaucracy | government organized into different levels and tasks |
| Animism | belief that spirits inhabit everything |
| Oracle Bones | cattle bones or tortoise shells on which Chinese priests would write questions and then interpret answers from the cracks that formed when the bones were heated |
| Dialects | variations of a language |
| Caligraphy | Chinese art of writing |
| Autocracy | qovernment in which the ruler holds absolute power |
| Civil Service | centralized system that runs the day-to-day business of government |
| Leveling | policy in which government uses price controls to balance the economiceffects of farm surpluses or shortages |
| Yin | force that is female, dark, and passive; part of the Chinese belief of dualism or balance in life |
| Yang | force that is male, bright, and active; part of the Chinese belief of dualism or balance in life |
| Geneology | record of a family history |
| Acupuncture | Chinese medical practice of inserting needles into certain areas of the body |
| Xia | ruled over late Neolithic people startin in about 2200 B.C. ; developed improved methods of agriculture, began to use written symbols; had little control over irrigation and flood-prevention measures |
| Shang Dynasty | created bureaucracy, economy was based on agriculture, created lunar and solar calendars, believed in animism, worshiped gods, and used oracle bones; they spoke many dialects and invented calligraphy; overthrown by the Zhou dynasty in 1050 B.C. |
| Zhou Dynasty | no centralized form of government, often atacked, believed in "Mandate of Heaven", ruler fled eastward and established new capital and it lost power; conquered by Qin in 221 B.C. |
| Qin Dynasty | came to power in 221 B.C. ;founded by Cheng; Legalistic; only lasted 15 years but established autocracyand built Great Wall of China from forced labor; dynasty overthrown in 206 B.C. |
| Han Dynasty | dynasty started by Lui Bang;developed civil service system; Liu Ch'e began leveling; trade prospered along Silk Road; poulation grew to 50 million; dynasty fell in 220 A.D. when nomadic people swept across northern China; followed rules of Legalism and Confucianism |
| Confucius | leadin philosopher who live from 551 B.C. to 479 B.C. ; founder of Confucianism which taught about importance of family, respect for one's elders, and reverence for the past and one's ancestors |
| Analects | collected ideas and teaching from Confucius; essential for every well-educated young man in China |
| Confucianism | -accept role in society and perform duties of that role, government should be virtous; invovlved correct behavior toward others; rulers should care for happiness of people and be role model for them |
| Mencius | believed moral government should receive support from people, people had a right to rebel against weak or harsh rulers |
| Daoism | founded by Laozi; defined as "The Way"; people should withdraw from the world and contemplate nature; they should be humble, quiet and thoughtful; should not seek power or strive for material wealth; appealed to peasants, poets, artists, and Confucianists |
| Legalism | the belief in power and harsh laws; peace and prosperity could only be achieved by threatening severe punishment if people didn't obey laws |
| Five Classics | texts used to train scholars and civil servants in ancient China [Book of Poems]-300 songs about joy, love, and politics, [Book of History]-speeches and documents about government, [Book of Changes]-art of predicting the future,[Spring and Autumn Annals]-record of events in city state of Lu from 772 B.C. - 481 B.C., [Book of Rites]-deals with manners and ceremonies; essential for every well-educated young man in China |
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