Unit 3
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Charissavp on March 14, 2011
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31 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Virginia Statute for Religious Freedom | written in 1776 by Jefferson and Madison. Argued that the concept of compulsory religion is wrong, no forced religious worship or ministry and no discrimination on account of his opinions or belief but free to believe what they wish, and that these rights were natural rights of mankind. |
| Land Ordinance | 1785 , provided for the sale of land in the old northwest and earmarked the proceeds toward repaying the national debt. surveyed land into 36 square mile townships. |
| Northwest Ordinance | 1787-Statehood=population of 60,000. Forbade Slavery in Old N.W. 16th square mile was given to schools. |
| N. African Pirates | ... |
| Shay's Rebellion | 1780 start in Massachusetts and led by Daniel Shays (Vet of Revolutionary War). Country Farmers lost their farms through mortgage foreclosures and tax delinquencies. Rebel and demand cheap paper money, lighter taxes, and suspension of property takeovers. Made people fear anarchy under Articles of Confederation. Massachusetts respond with small army supported by wealthy citizens. Daniel Shays condemned and later pardoned, his movement collapse. Show the weakness of the government to hold things under control. Citizens had to step up. |
| New Jersey Plan | aka Small State Plan. , Opposite of the Virginia Plan, it proposed a single-chamber congress in which each state had one vote. This created a conflict with representation between bigger states, who wanted control befitting their population, and smaller states, who didn't want to be bullied by larger states. |
| Virginia Plan | aka Big State Plan., Virginia delegate James Madison's plan of government, in which states got a number of representatives in Congress based on their population |
| Great Compromise | the agreement by which Congress would have two houses, the Senate, where each state gets equal representation-two senators, and the House of Representatives, where representation is based on population. |
| 3/5ths Compromise | agreement providing that enslaved persons would count as three-fifths of other persons in determining representation in Congress |
| Electoral College | group of persons chosen in each State and the District of Columbia every four years who make a formal selection of the President and vice president |
| Slave-Trade Compromise | In 1787 some northern states had banned slave trade in their borders, urged that slave trade should be banned in the entire nation, southerners-no, Compromised that congress could not outlaw slave trade for at least 20 years. Northerners agreed that no state could stop a fugitive slave from being returned to someone who claimed that slave |
| Federalists/ AntiFederalists | (fed)favored strong national gov (i.e. Alexander Hamilton) vs. (anti)favored weak national government (i.e. Thomas Jefferson). antifed:central gov authority of a nation should be = or inferior to states |
| The Federalist | a series of articles written in New York newspapers as a source of propaganda for a stronger central government. The articles, written by Alexander Hamilton, John Jay, and James Madison, were a way for the writers to express their belief that it is better to have a stronger central government. The papers turned out to be a penetrating commentary written on the Constitution. |
| Cabinet | Washington's invention of a couple of advisers: Sec. of State= Thomas Jefferson, Sec. of Treasury= Alexander Hamilton, Sec. of War= Knox. |
| Bill of Rights | The first ten amendments of the U.S. Constitution, containing a list of individual rights and liberties, such as freedom of speech, religion, and the press. Drafted by Parliament in 1689, a list of what ruler could not do: No suspending of Parliament's laws, No levying of taxes without a specific grant from parliament, No interfering with freedom of speech in Parliament, No penalty for a citizen who petitions the king about grievances |
| Hamilton's Financial Program | National Bank, Funding at Par, Excise tax on domestic items (whiskey 7cents per gallon), assumption of state debts, tariff of 1789-8% on value of dutiable imports, paid for interest on debt, but dependent on foreign trade. |
| Bank of the US | The central bank of the nation designed to facilitate the issuance of a stable national currency and to provide a convenient means of exchange for the people. The bank was responsible for providing the nation economic stability. |
| Republican Motherhood | it elevated women as keepers of the national conscience because they were entrusted with the moral education of the young, to be virtuous citizens of the new American republic |
| Strict vs. Liberal | Construction/ Interpretation of the Constitution. Alexander Hamilton; loose interpretation, whatever doesn't say you can't do you can do. Thomas Jefferson; strict, what eve doesn't say you can't do. |
| Whiskey Rebellion | In 1794, farmers in Pennsylvania rebelled against Hamilton's excise tax on whiskey, and several federal officers were killed in the riots caused by their attempts to serve arrest warrants on the offenders. In October, 1794, the army, led by Washington, put down the rebellion. The incident showed that the new government under the Constitution could react swiftly and effectively to such a problem, in contrast to the inability of the government under the Articles of Confederation to deal with Shay's Rebellion. |
| Democratic-Republicans | Led by Thomas Jefferson, believed people should have political power, favored strong STATE governments, emphasized agriculture, strict interpretation of the Constitution, pro-French, opposed National Bank |
| Federalists | Supporters of the Constitution that were led by Alexander Hamilton and John Adams. They firmly believed the national government should be strong. They didn't want the Bill of Rights because they felt citizens' rights were already well protected by the Constitution. |
| Neutrality Proclamation | 1793- Washington's declaration that the U.S. would not take sides after the French Revolution touched off a war between France and a coalition consisting primarily of England, Austria and Prussia. Washington's Proclamation was technically a violation of the Franco-American Treaty of 1778. New Nation was not ready for a war. |
| Jay's Treaty | 1794, Was made up by John Jay. It said that Britain was to pay for Americans ships that were seized in 1793. It said that Americans had to pay British merchants debts owed from before the revolution and Britain had agreed to remove their troops from the Ohio Valley. Restatement of a previous promise which Britain hadn't and didn't fulfill. |
| Pinckney's Treaty | 1795, Also known as the Treaty of San Lorenzo, this 1795 treaty established commercial relations between Spain and the United States, granted the United States free navigation of the Mississippi River through Spanish territory, and fixed the boundaries of Louisiana and Florida. Spain agreed to the treaty because it feared that Jay's Treaty included an Anglo-American alliance. |
| 12th Amendment | Brought about by the Jefferson/Burr tie, stated that presidential and vice-presidential nominees would run on the same party ticket. Before that time, all of the candidates ran against each other, with the winner becoming president and second-place becoming vice-president. |
| X,Y,Z Affair | Sent over 3 diplomats to France to stop France from seizing their ships. Meet by 3 nobodies (X,Y,Z) They said in order for them to talk to the French foreign minister Charles Maurice de Talleyrand you have to pay us a bribe of $250,000. U.S. diplomats refused and left. |
| Alien and Sedition Acts | These consist of four laws passed by the Federalist Congress and signed by President Adams in 1798: the Naturalization Act, which increased the waiting period for an immigrant to become a citizen from 5 to 14 years; the Alien Act, which empowered the president to arrest and deport dangerous aliens; the Alien Enemy Act, which allowed for the arrest and deportation of citizens of countries at war with the US; and the Sedition Act, which made it illegal to publish defamatory statements about the federal government or its officials. The first 3 were enacted in response to the XYZ Affair, and were aimed at French and Irish immigrants, who were considered subversives. The Sedition Act was an attempt to stifle Democratic-Republican opposition, although only 25 people were ever arrested, and only 10 convicted, under the law. |
| Virginia and Kentucky Resolves | initiated the concept of "nullification" of federal laws.VP Jefferson led the opposition to Alien and Sedition Acts - him and Madison drafted the Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions -argued that the states had the right to judge the constitutionality of federal laws |
| District of Columbia | This city was created to be a federal center of government devoid of influence by a single state. In an agreement between the Federalists (Hamilton) and the Republicans (Jefferson), that allowed the national government to assume the debt in exchange for its location on the Potomac River in the south between Virginia and Maryland. Coextensive with the city of Washington, it was established by congressional acts of 1790 and 1791 on a site selected by George Washington. |
| Tariff 1789 | This was the first law passed by Congress. It was designed to protect the infant industries of the U.S. by placing a duty of 8% on imports. |
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