1.
0: freezing point of water using celsius
2.
1 Calorie: 1,000 calories: converting Calories to calories
3.
32: freezing point of water using fahrenheit
4.
100: boiling point of water using celsius
5.
212: boiling point of water using fahrenheit
6.
273: freezing point of water using kelvin
7.
373: boiling point of water using the kelvin scale
8.
absolute zero: lowest possible temperature
9.
air: poor conductor
10.
bimetallic strip: device of two different metals stuck together that will bend because of differences in expansion rates
11.
calories: units by which heat is measured or the amount of heat need to raise the temperature of 1 gram of water by 1ยบ celsius
12.
conduction: how heat is transferred through direct contact of molecules
13.
convection: how heat is transferred in currents of liquids or gases
14.
coolant: liquid that undergoes a phase change to gas and then back to liquid in refrigerators
15.
fahrenheit, celsius, and kelvin: three units of temperature measurement used by thermometers
16.
fire triangle: diagram showing the three things (heat, oxygen, and fuel) needed for something to burn (combustion)
17.
glass wool: okay conductor
18.
heat: kind of energy also called thermal energy
19.
insulator: substance that is good at reducing the transfer of heat
20.
kindling point: point at which paper will burn
21.
kinetic energy: energy of motion
22.
law of conservation of energy and matter: states that "energy can neither be created nor destroyed but can be changed from one form to another."
23.
law of entropy: explains how heat always moves from a warmer to a cooler region and how energy is lost and becomes more disordered
24.
matter: anything that has mass and occupies space
25.
metal: best conductor
26.
molecules: atoms or particles that make up matter
27.
potential energy: energy that is stored
28.
radiation: the way heat is transferred through empty space
29.
refrigeration and air conditioning: appliances/technology for cooling temperatures
30.
solid, liquid, gas, and plasma: the four states of matter
31.
specific heat: the calories needed to raise the temperature of one gram of a substance one degree celsius
32.
sublimation: solid water evaporating straight to water vapor, skipping the liquid state
33.
systems for heating a house: electric, forced hot air, baseboard heating by radiator, and radiant ceiling heater
34.
temperature: the average kinetic energy of molecules in a substance
35.
thermal capacity: water's ability to hold heat
36.
thermometer: instrument used for measuring temperature
37.
thermostats (some thermometers): the instrument that uses bimetallic strips as a switch or gauge
38.
why ice floats in water: water expands as a solid and is less dense than liquid water
39.
work: force causing an object to move
