Pharmacology Exam Two D
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67 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Angiotensin 2 Blockers: | ____ __ ___ prevent the binding of AII to the receptors, blocking vasoconstriction and the secretion of aldosterone. |
| 2nd; 3rd: | Angiotensin 2 Blockers are contraindicated in the ____ and ___ trimesters of pregnancy. |
| Angiotensin II Receptor Blockers: | ____ ___ ____ ____ allow angiotensin I to be converted to Angiotnesin II, but block receptors that receive angiotensin II. |
| Vasoconstriction; aldosterone: | Angiotensin II receptor blockers block ____ and the release of _____. |
| Ace Inhibitors: | Angiotensin II receptor blockers are used primarily in patients who cannot tolerate ___ ___. |
| Diltiazem; Cardizem / Dilacor: | ____ ( ____ / ____ ) is a calcium channel blockers and is used to treat high blood pressure and to control angina. |
| Verapamil; Calan/Isoptin: | ____ ( ____ / ____ ) is a calcium channel blocker and is used to treat high blood pressure and to control angina, |
| Benzothiazepines; Phenylalkamines; Dihydropyridines: | Three classes of Calcium channel blockers are ____, ____, & ____. |
| Amlodipine; Norvasc: | ____ ( ____ ) in a calcium channel blocker that is used alone or in combination with other medications to treat high blood pressure and chest pain |
| Nicardipine; Cardene: | ____ ( ____ ) is a calcium channel blocker and is used to treat high blood pressure |
| Nifedipine; Procardia: | ____ ( ____ ) is a calcium channel blocker and is used to treat high blood pressure and to control angina |
| Nimodipine; Nimotop: | ____ ( ____ ) is a calcium channel blocker. |
| Calcium Channel Blockers: | ___ ___ ___ are used to treat angina, hypertension, dysrhythmias, migraine headaches and raynaud's disease. |
| Vasodilators: | _____ directly relax arteriolar smooth muscle, which results in decreased systemic vascular response. |
| Diazoxide; Hyperstat: | ____ ( ____ ) is a potassium channel activator (vasodilator) which causes local relaxation in smooth muscle. |
| Hydralazine HCL; Apresoline: | ____ ____ ( ____ ) is a vasodilator and is used to treat high blood pressure. |
| Minoxidil; Loniten; Rogaine: | ____ ( ____ / ____ ) is an antihypertensive vasodilator medication. |
| Sodium Nitroprusside; Nipride; Nitropress: | ____ ( ____ / ____ ) is a vasodilator that is used for the immediate control of very high blood pressure, as well as congestive heart failure or to control bleeding during surgery. |
| Vasodilators: | ____ are used in the treatment of hypertension. |
| Hydralzaine: | Some side effects of _____ are dizziness, tachycardia, dyspnea, edema, and nasal congestion. |
| Sodium Nitroprusside: | Some side effects of ____ ____ are bradycardia, hypotension and possilbe cyanide toxicity. |
| Vasodilators: | ____ should not be stopped abruptly as this may lead to a rebound hypertensive crisis and stroke. |
| Vasodilators: | ____ may cause impotence in male patients. |
| Vasodilators: | Caution needs to be used w/hot tubs, shower or bath for patients on _____. |
| Diuretic agents: | ____ ____ are drugs that accelerate the rate of urine formation, removing sodium and water. |
| Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors: | ___ ___ ____ work in the proximal tubule and block the action of carbonic anhydrase; resorption of water is decreased and urine volume in increased. |
| Acetazolamide; Diamox: | ____ ( ____ ) is a carbonic anhydrase inhibitor that is used to treat glaucoma, epileptic seizures, benign intracranial hypertension, altitude sickness. |
| Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors: | ___ ___ ___ are useful in the treatment of glaucoma, edema, epilepsy and altitude sickness. |
| Furosemide; Lasix: | ____ ( ____ ) is a loop dauretic and inhibits sodium and chloride resorption. |
| Potassium Depletion: | Loop diuretices result in ____ ____. |
| Loop diuretics: | ____ ____ are indicated w/ edema associated with HF, hepatic disease or renal disease, and hypertension. |
| Osmotic diuretics: | ____ _____ are indicated for use in pts in oliguric pase of acute renal failure; also promotes excretion of toxic substance; reducation of intracranial pressure and cerebral edema. |
| Osmotic Diuretics: | ____ ____ work in the proximal tubule and pull water into blood vessels and nephrons from surrounding tissues. |
| Mannitol; Osmitrol: | ____ ( ____ ) is an osmotic duretic and should always be administered IV through a filter. |
| Potassium-Sparing Diuretics: | ____- ____ ____ interfere w/sodium-potassium exchange; works in distal tubule and collecting duct, by preventing potassium from being pumped into the tubule, preventing its secretion. |
| Spironolactone; Aldactone: | ____ ( ____ ) is a potassium sparing diuretic in which the excretion of sodium and water is promoted. |
| Potassium sparing diuretics: | ___ ___ ___ are indicated w/hyperaldosteronism, hypertension, and reverses potassium loss caused by loop and thiazide diuretics. |
| Thiazide diuretics: | ____ ____ inhibit tubular resorption of sodium and chloride ions; wks in loop of henle and early distal tubule, resulting in excretion of water, sodium and chloride. |
| Esidrix; HydroDIURIL) | Esidrix, a type of diuretic, is prescribed to treat high blood pressure and water retention. |
| Hydrodiuril; Hydrochlorothiazide: | ____ ( ____) a 'water pill,' is used to treat high blood pressure and fluid retention caused by various conditions, including heart disease |
| Thiazide diuetics: | ____ ____ are to be used cautiously in patients taking digoxin. |
| Hypokalemia: | _____ increases digitoxin toxicity. |
| Potassium: | Foods high in ____ include bananas, oranges, dates, raisin, plums, vegetables, potatoes, meat and fish. |
| Thiazide; loop: | Patients taking ____ or ____ diuretics should monitor bld glucose. |
| Hypokalemia: | S/S of ____ include muscle weakness, constipation, irregular pulse rate, and overall feeling of lethargy. |
| Very low density lipoproteins: | ___ ___ ___ ___ are produced by the liver and transport endogenous lipids to the cells. |
| Low density lipoprotein: | ___ ___ ____ is known as bad cholesteral and binds to vessels. |
| High density lipoproteins: | ___ ___ ___ are responsible for the recycling of cholesterol and is known as good cholesterol. |
| Less than 200: | Normal cholesterol is ___ ___ ___ mg/dl. |
| Less than 150: | Normal triglycerides are ___ ___ ___ mg/dl. |
| Less than 130: | Normal Low density lipids are ___ ___ ____ mg/dl. |
| Greater than 60: | Normal levels of High density lipids are ____ ___ ___ mg/dl. |
| HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors: | ____ - ___ ____ ____ are a type of antilipemics; the statin sisters. |
| Atorvastatin; Lipitor: | ____ ( ____ ) is an HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor used to decrease the amount of cholesterol. |
| Rosuvastatin; Crestor: | ____ ( ____ ) is a HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor used to reduce the amount of cholesterol. |
| Simvastatin; Zocor: | ____ ( ____ ) is a HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor and is used to decrease low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol and triglycerides in the blood and to increase the amount of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol in the blood |
| Pravastatin; Pravachol: | ____ ( ____ ) is a HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors and it works by slowing the production of cholesterol in the body. |
| HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors: | Side effects of ___ - ___ ___ ____ result in elevated liver enzymes or liver disease. |
| Myopathy: | ____ is muscle pain. |
| Rhabdomyolysis: | ____ is the breakdown of muscle protein leading to urinary elimination of muscle protein; caused by HMG-CoA reductace inhibitors. |
| Cholestyramine; Questran: | ____ ( ____ ) is a bile acid sequestrant that prevents resorption of bile acids from small intestine. |
| Bile acids: | ____ ____ are necessary for absorption of cholesterol. |
| Niacin: | ____, aka Nicotinic Acid or Vitamin B3 has lipid lowering properties and is often used in combination w/other lipid lowering agents. |
| Niacin: | Some side effects of ____ are flushing, pruritus and Gi distress. |
| Gemfibrozil; Lopid: | ____ ( ___ ) is a fibric acid derivative breaks down cholesterol. |
| Fibric Acid Derivatives: | ___ ___ ___ decrease triglyceride levels and increase HDL by as much as 25%. |
| Ezetimibe (Zetia): | ____ ( ___ ) is a cholesterol absorption inhibitor. |
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