77 terms

Terms	Definitions
Zeus	king of the Gods
Hera	Queen of the gods
Athena	goddess of wisdom and war
Poseidon	god of the sea
Aphrodite	goddess of beauty and love
Artemis	goddess of the hunt and the moon
Hermes	Messenger of the gods
Apollo	god of the sun, poetry, music, prophecy, medicine, and archery
Theseus	Defeated the Minotaur in the Labyrinth. forgot to raise white sails, became king of Athens
Aegeus	This person was the father of Theseus. He was a king, and threw himself from a cliff when his son came home bearing the wrong sail on the ship. There is a very large body of water named after him. [chance]
Minos	King of Crete
Crete	the largest Greek island in the Mediterranean
Minoans	earliest Greek civilization that had developed on the island of Crete by 2000 B.C.
minotaur	half man half bull
labyrinth	a maze
Demosthenes	led Athenian opposition to Philip, tried to lead Greece to fight for liberty; great speaker.
Philip of Macedonia	king of Macedonia and father of Alexander the Great
Alexander the Great	Greek military leader whos armies conquerd vast amounts of land, ruler of 1st great European Empire of the ancient world
Bucephalus	Alexander the Great's horse
Alexandria	City in Egypt founded by Alexander the Great, center of commerce and Hellenistic civilization
Aristotle	Greek philosopher. A pupil of Plato, the tutor of Alexander the Great, and the author of works on logic.
Hellenistic	Greek-like
Mycenaeans	civilization on the greek mainland that conquered the Minoans in Crete in about 1400 B.C.
Corinthian	fanciest of the three orders of classical Greek architecture
Ionic	a taller, thinner column with scroll shapes on its capital
Doric	oldest and simplest of the three orders of classical Greek architecture
Peloponnesian Wars	a war fought between Athens and Sparta in the 400s BC, ending in a victory for Sparta
demagogues	leaders who manipulate people with half truths
30 Tyrants	Sparta send tyrants to rule over Athens after the Peloponnesian Wars
Captain Artemesia	Female Persian Captain who warned Xerxes of the trap at Salamis Bay
Tri-remes	ancient Greek or Roman galley or warship having three tiers of oars on each side
Themistocles	Athenian statesman who persuaded Athens to build a navy and then led it to victory over the Persians (527-460 BC)
Salamis	naval battle where the Greek forces defeated the Persians, shortly after the battle at Thermopylae
Thermopylae	This was the battle at which the Greek forces lost. They were led by King Leonidas while Xerxes led the Persian forces. The 300 Spartans lost the battle but they fought to the last man. They ultimately lost the battle because a traitor showed them another way through the pass
Leonidas	king of Sparta during the Persian War. (Spartan 300)
Xerxes	son of Darius, who took the throne, invaded Greece, and was eventually defeated
Darius	Persian king
Pheidippides	runner that carried messages to Sparta and Athens and died inside of the Athenian gates. modern marathons are imitations of his 26 mile run
Miltiades	Athenian general who defeated the Persians at Marathon (540-489)
Marathon	a battle in 490 BC in which the Athenians and their allies defeated the Persians
Persian Wars	A series of wars between Greek city-states and the Persian Empire (5th century B.C.).
city-state	a city and its surrounding lands that act as a government
Athens	Powerful city in Ancient Greece that was a leader in arts, sciences, philosophy, democracy and architecture.
Sparta	Powerful city in Ancient Greece that was run like a military state. It competed with Athens for dominance
ephors	a group of 5 officials that helped govern Sparta with the Concil of Elders
Democracy	government by the people
Assembly	a group of citizens in an ancient Greek democracy with the power to pass laws
Council of 500	A group of 500 Athenian citizens randomly elected for one year to propose laws in Athens
Golden Age of Athens	a period of growth in ancient Athens in intellectual & and artistic learning, including drama, sculpture, poetry, philosophy, architecture, & science
Parthenon	temple in Athens built to honor the goddess Athena
acropolis	literally "high point of the city." The upper fortified part of an ancient Greek city, usually devoted to religious purposes.
agora	the marketplace in ancient Greece
stoa	in ancient Greece, an open porch used as a meeting place
Long Walls	walls built around Athens to connect walls surrounding a city to walls at sea
Pnyx Hill	Hill in Athens where the Assembly met 40 times a year.
Pericles	Athenian leader noted for advancing democracy in Athens and for ordering the construction of the Parthenon.
Phidias	ancient Greek sculptor (circa 500-432 BC)
Socrates	philosopher who believed in an absolute right or wrong; asked students pointed questions to make them use their reason, later became Socratic method
Plato	Student of Socrates, wrote The Republic about the perfectly governed society
Lyre	a harp used by ancient Greeks for accompaniment
Discus	a disk used in throwing competitions
Gymnasium	athletic facility equipped for sports or physical training
Pedagogue	in ancient Greece, a male slave who taught a young boy at school.
Helots	spartan slaves
Homer	ancient Greek epic poet who is believed to have written the Iliad and the Odyssey (circa 850 BC)
Iliad	Homer's great epic that tells the story of the Trojan War
Ilium	troy
Paris	Prince of Troy who fell in love with Helen
Helen	most beautiful woman in the world
Achilles	greatest of the Greek heroes at Troy
Odysseus	Hero of the odyssey
Hector	(Greek mythology) a mythical Trojan who was killed by Achilles during the Trojan War
Troy	an ancient city in Asia Minor that was the site of the Trojan War
Odyssey	a long wandering and eventful journey
490 BC	Battle of Marathon
480 BC	Battles of Thermpolye and Salamis
338 BC	Philip attacks and beats Greece

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