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January 3 House and Senate terms begin Bicameral Congress Congress made up of two houses Sessions in each term of Congress 2 sessions in each term of Congress 17th Amendment says that U.S. Senators are elected by direct popular votes and not state legislature naturalization legally becoming a citizen; power given to Congress on naturalization incumbents those members already in political office John Boehner current Speaker of the House Elastic clause The Necessary and Proper Clause allows Congress to stretch its powers filibuster a way of defeating a bill in the Senate by stalling the process thus preventing a vote Shirley Chisholm in 1968 this person became the first African American woman elected to Congress cloture a procedure that allows each senator to speak only 1 hour on a bill under debate seniority system a system that gives the member of the majority party with the longest uninterrupted service on a particular committee the leadership of that committee naturalization the legal process by which a person is granted citizenship eminent domain the power of the government to take private property for public use pigeonholing to ignore a bill, simply let it die a bill another name for a proposed law national debt when the government's spending is greater than its income and it has to borrow 18th clause of section 18 elastic clause, which gives Congress the power to do whatever is necessary and proper to carry out its other powers 10-20%` percentage of bills that actually become laws introduce the bill first step to a bill becoming a law Whip assistant to the party floor leader continuous body means that only 1/3 of the Senate is voted on at one time Senate member requirements must be 30 years old, be a citizen for 9 years, and be a legal resident of their state Representative of the 16th District of Ohio Steve Stivers Barack Obama current President of the U.S. Joe Biden current Vice-President of the U.S. Are Congress members free from arrest in all cases? no Does Congress have the power to declare war? yes gerrymandering the drawing of legislative district boundaries to benefit a party, group, or incumbent in power Party that currently controls the House of Representatives Republican powers denied by Congress writ of habeas corpus, bills of attainder, ex post facto laws Raise and support armies means the right to start the draft an example of an implied power of Congress Who regulates commerce in the U.S.? Congress The power to tax an example of an expressed power of Congress Article 1, Section 8, Clauses 1-18 part of the Constitution that list the 27 powers that are explicitly given to Congress 20th amendment Jan. 3, beginning and ending terms of elected federal officials How often Congress meets at least once every year, but special sessions may be called for pressing issues Why the 20th amendment passed Prior to the passage of the 20th, President called both the Senate and House in Special sessions 27 times! Number of House members 435 House requirements 25 years old, citizen for 7 years, they should live in district they represent; 2-year term Salary of House member $158,100 a year Ratio of house representative to population 1 to 647,000 16th amendment says that Senate members are selected by the people Senate term 6-year term Senate requirements 30 years old, citizen for 9 years, live in state, 6 year term How many U.S. senators there are 100 members, 2 per state Ohio Senators (2011) Sherrod Brown (D), Rob Portman (R) House operation opening day, no officials, no rules, clerk calls the action, speaker is selected by the majority party, standing committees are selected. Current speaker of the house John Boehner How many standing committees there are in the House 25 committees, that have the majority of the House Presides over all sessions of the House Speaker of the House (Boehner) Can Speaker of the House vote? Yes, when he/she wants, and must vote to break a tie. Senate operation opening day, very routine, as only 1/3 of the Senate is new (continuous body); President of the Senate Vice President of U.S.; may not even belong to the majority party; can't bring questions to the floor of the Senate; not allowed to speak much; can vote to break a tie. President Pro Temp has real power in Senate; selected by the majority party, runs the Senate Current President Pro Temp Daniel Inouye (D-Hl) Floor Leader (Harry Reid(D) and Mitch McConnell (R) most powerful members of Congress, next to the Speaker of the House and the Pro Temp Current national debt 15 trillion dollars Are we allowed to tax exports? no interstate trade trade or business between states bankruptcy rules Chapter 7 and 13 legal tender paper currency 1st time to have national paper currency 1863 Arizona Law 1070 In Arizona, if police stop you for a normal reason, they are allowed to ask if you have proper papers to be there.