Chapter 22 solid and waste
About this set
Created by:
antagonist93 on March 15, 2011
Subjects:
Log in to favorite or report as inappropriate.
Order by
58 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Hazardous or toxic waste | Anything that threatens human health or environment. Anything that is toxic, corrosive, or flammable. |
| Municipal Solid Waste | MSW. Garbage produced directly by homes, schools, or work. |
| Industrial Solid Waste | Garbage produced indirectly by mines, factories, refineries, food, paper, or processors. |
| 4.6% | Percentage of the U.S. Population compared to the world population. However, U.S. produces 30% of the world's solid waste. |
| 2 kg | The weight of solid waste that the average American produces everyday. |
| Paper | This is 38% of our trash, ends up in land fills. |
| Yard waste | This is 12% of our trash. Food waste is 11%, plastic is 11% |
| 2.5 x 10^6 | This is the number of plastic bottles thrown away every hour. |
| 186 x 10^9 | This is the number of junk mail received every year. 45% is thrown away unopened. |
| Electronic or e-waste | This is the fastest growing type of solid waste. Includes TV's, cell phones, computers, etc. |
| 50 to 80% | This is the percentage of U.S. e-waste that is shipped to countries like India, China, and Pakistan. |
| Waste management-high waste | To reduce environmental harm by mixing waste and transferring it. |
| Waste management-low waste | views solid waste as a potential resource. |
| Integrated waste management | No single solution. It incorporates a variety of strategies to reduce waste. |
| Waste reduction | reduce consumption involving re-designing packaging. |
| Refuse | Do not buy items you don't really need. |
| Reduce | to consume less |
| Reuse | to use items over and over |
| Materials-recovery facilities | This place mixes urban waste and recovers valuable waste. |
| Composting | mimics nature by recycling plant nutrients into the soil. |
| Paper Recycling | To remove ink, glue, and coating. Reconvert pulp so paper can be recycled. |
| Recycling | This is the process that is only happening to 10% of plastics being used. Plastics can be recycled into fleece or carpeting. |
| Waste to energy incinerators | The waste is burned. Water is added into the incinerator to create steam, which converts to electricity. |
| Incineration | This process reduces volume, water pollution, and saves energy. However, it produces air pollution. |
| 55% | This percentage represents the amount of solid waste buried in sanitary landfills. |
| Open dumps | These are landfills on a field or a hole in the ground where garbage is deposited. |
| Sanitary landfills | This is the place where solid waste is spread in thin layers compacted and covered daily with soil. |
| Leachate | This is rain water that percolates/infiltrates through waste reaching groundwater. |
| Used tires | There are 800 million estimated in large dumps, 280 million more per year. It is a health hazard. |
| Hazardous waste | This is any discarded solid or liquid that is toxic, corrosive, or ignitable. |
| Resource Conservation and Recovery Act | Its goal was to prevent unsafe/illegal disposal of hazardous waste. EPA classifies waste ad set standards to keep track of waste. Permits are issued. |
| Cradle to grave | Term that refers to the requirement of companies to track waste from start to finish. |
| Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation and Liability Act | It is a superfund. Its goal is to identify abandoned hazardous waste sites and clean. Attempted to have the polluters clean it up. |
| Brownfields | These are abandoned industrial or commercial sites. They contain hazardous waste. |
| Physical methods | Method where charcoal or resins are used to filter and detoxify hazardous waste. |
| Chemical methods | Method where reactions convert hazardous waste to less harmful or harmless compounds. |
| Biological methods | Method where bacteria breakdown toxic wastes by injection. |
| Bioremediation | This method of cleanup takes a long time to work, but costs a lot less money. Uses microorganisms to remove pollutants. |
| Phytoremediation | This method of cleanup uses natural o genetically engineered plants to absorb, filter, and re-mediate contaminants. |
| Incineration | Heating hazardous compounds to 2,000 degrees. It reduces waste to CO2, and H2O |
| Plasma Torch | High temperature incineration, up to 18,000 degrees. Encapsulates waste in glass capsules. |
| Deep-well disposal | 64% of U.S. waste is pumped into these dry, porous rock layers. |
| Surface impoundments | These are man-made, excavated depressions lined with liner to hold liquid waste. |
| Secure hazardous waste landfills | Place where waste is put into drums and stored above ground |
| Lead | This chemical element does not break down in nature. It is a neurotoxin, heavy metal. Primary people at risk are kids. It reduces the mental capacity of children. It was banned in gas in 1976. It was banned in paint in 1978. |
| Mercury | This chemical occurs naturally in rocks, soil, volcanoes, and oceans. Occurs in coal burning plants and waste incinerators. It accumulates in our body. The biggest exposure to this chemical is through eating fish. |
| Methylmercury | This form of mercury in fish is extremely hazardous. H3Hg+ |
| Basel Convention | In 1989, it banned developed countries from shipping hazardous waste to or through other countries without their permission. |
| Persistent Organic Pollutants | These are insoluble in waste, but soluble in fat. It bio-accumulates in animal fat. |
| Dirty Dozen | 12 chemicals including DDT, PCB's, and dioxins. Nearly every person on Earth has some of these in their body. |
| Love Canal | This is a toxic waste site in New York. The canal was filled with drums of waste that leaked. |
| Repurpose | To use items for another purpose instead of throwing away. |
| Recycle | To separate paper, plastic, glass, and metals from waste. |
| Redesign manufacturing processes | to _____________ is to use less material and energy. Cans are now produced using 30% less aluminum. |
| Develop products | _________________ that are easy to repair, reuse, re-manufacture, and recycle. |
| Packaging | eliminate reduce or simplify packaging |
| Reuse | clean and use materials over and over. This cuts pollution, create jobs, and increase the lifespan of products. |
| Refillable containers | Examples of these include glass bottles and canteens. |
First Time Here?
Welcome to Quizlet, a fun, free place to study. Try these flashcards, find others to study, or make your own.